Kate Middleton Prince William Wedding Solid Silver Sterling Coin Proof Signed UK

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Seller: Top-Rated Seller lasvegasormonaco ✉️ (3,239) 99.7%, Location: Manchester, Take a look at my other items, GB, Ships to: WORLDWIDE, Item: 266740678435 Kate Middleton Prince William Wedding Solid Silver Sterling Coin Proof Signed UK. Royal Wedding Prince William & Kate Coin, Case, COA + Box plus Stamp This is Solid Silver 2011 Crown complete with the Original Case and COA Only 50,000 were minted It has never been removed from its original air tight case It comes complete with a Royal Wedding Stamp featuring William & Kate from Burundi 2011 Royal Wedding Prince William Kate Middleton Five Pound Crown Silver Proof Coin UK11RWSP 2011 Royal Wedding Kate and William £5 Crown Silver Proof Boxed On 29 April 2011 the world watched the wedding of second-in-line to the throne, Prince William, and Catherine Middleton at Westminster Abbey. Will and Kate met at St Andrews University and announced their engagement in 2010. To celebrate the much anticipated marriage The Royal Mint offered a collection of commemorative Five Pound coins, including this 28.28 gram .925 silver edition, struck to flawless proof standard. To the obverse this coin shows Ian Rank-Broadley’s portrait of William’s grandmother, Queen Elizabeth II, the fourth such official effigy to appear on her coinage. The reverse shows a special double portrait of the royal couple, facing each other. This was designed by sculptor Mark Richards and is surrounded by the inscription ‘WILLIAM AND CATHERINE’ above with the ceremony date below (’29 APRIL 2011’). A limited number of these commemorative coins were minted. This is an important collectors item for royal-fans and those interested in modern Crown-sized pieces. We’re offering this 2011 silver coin in its original bridal white box from The Royal Mint with a numbered certificate of authenticity. Obverse Fourth definitive coinage portrait of Elizabeth II by Ian Rank-Broadley. Legend: 'ELIZABETH · II · D · G · REG ·F · D FIVE POUNDS · 2011'. Reverse Twin portrait of Kate Middleton and Prince William, close-up, facing each other. Above: 'WILLIAM AND CATHERINE,' below: '29 APRIL 2011'. Specification 28.28 grams of .925 sterling silver. Diameter: 38.61 millimetres. Face value: Five Pounds. Presentation From a limited issue of 26,069 pieces which has proved very popular. Offered in its original white box from The Royal Mint with a numbered certificate of authenticity. Condition The images provided of this product are stock photos. The coin you receive will be from the same issue and will have the same specifications. Some modern UK coins naturally develop toning or milk spots over time and these features may be present on the coin you receive. We cannot exchange coins displaying toning or milkspots. Product Summary Product Code:UK11RWSPStock Remaining:0Metal:SilverPrecious Metal Content:26.16 (g)Material:SilverMonarch:Elizabeth II (1952-2022)Denomination:£5 / Five PoundCountry:United KingdomFinish:ProofCapital Gains Tax Status:ExemptWeight:28.28gNew / Pre-owned:NewCondition:Proof - Boxed with certificate of authenticityDiameter:38.61mm 2011 Royal Wedding £5 Crown Celebrates the wedding of Prince William and Catherine Middleton Limited edition of 26,069 pieces Struck in 28.28 grams of .925 sterling silver Diameter: 38.61 millimetres Finished to proof standard Face value: Five Pounds Obverse shows fourth portrait of Elizabeth II Reverse features double portrait by Mark Richards Offered in original box with numbered certificate of authenticity Steeped in more than 1,100 years of history, The Royal Mint supplies all of the United Kingdom's coinage as well as currency for nations around the world. Renown for craftsmanship and thoughtful design, The Royal Mint also produces commemorative coins, favoured by investors and collectors. A Millennia of Minting Founded in the reign of Alfred the Great, around the year 886, The Royal Mint was originally one of several mints which were centralised to London in 1279. For more than 800 years the Mint was based at the Tower of London before moving to Royal Mint Court where it remained until the 1960s. The Royal Mint has always been on the forefront of economic, technical and artistic innovation. Its skilled craftsmen minted coins that would reach the far corners of the British Empire, establishing the image and reputation of Britain for all whose pockets they ended up in. In 2010 The Royal Mint became a limited company owned by Her Majesty’s Treasury. In recent years the Mint has struck medals for the 2012 London Olympic Games and opened a visitor centre, The Royal Mint Experience, in Llantrisant, Wales: the current home of The Royal Mint. Collecting and Investing The Royal Mint's commemorative and bullion coins – often minted to mark important national events and anniversaries – are not intended for circulation. They might look like ordinary coins but they are generally worth much more, thanks to their scarcity, finish and composition. Most commemorative coins produced by The Royal Mint are available in a range of striking standards including Gold Proof, Silver Proof, Brilliant Uncirculated and Bullion. Some are also available in collectors sets. Gold and Silver Proof coins are minted in small numbers, making them rare and desirable. The Royal Mint's commemorative coins are both VAT-free and Capital Gains Tax (CGT) exempt, making them an attractive and valuable investment. Whether you are diversifying your investments or simply appreciate world-class design, commemorative coins from The Royal Mint are a great buy. The Royal Mint at The Britannia Coin Company The Britannia Coin Company is proud to stock official commemorative coins from The Royal Mint as well as a wide range of historic Royal Mint coinage. We offer unbeatable value on The Royal Mint coins, backed by our reputation for honesty and integrity, built over more than a decade of trading.  In Very Good Condition for its age 13 years old A Must-Have Souvenir Click Here to Check out my Other Royal Family  Items & Coins Bid with Confidence - Check My 100% Positive Feedback from over 2000 Satisfied Customers I have over 10 years of Ebay Selling Experience - So Why Not Treat Yourself? I have got married recently and need to raise funds to meet the costs also we are planning to move into a house together  I always combined postage on multiple items Instant Feedback Automatically Left Immediately after Receiving Payment All Items Sent out within 24 hours of Receiving Payment.

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Tianjin, Kuala Lumpur, Toronto, Milan, Shenyang, Dallas, Fort Worth, Boston, Belo Horizonte, Khartoum, Riyadh, Singapore, Washington, Detroit, Barcelona,, Houston, Athens, Berlin, Sydney, Atlanta, Guadalajara, San Francisco, Oakland, Montreal, Monterey, Melbourne, Ankara, Recife, Phoenix/Mesa, Durban, Porto Alegre, Dalian, Jeddah, Seattle, Cape Town, San Diego, Fortaleza, Curitiba, Rome, Naples, Minneapolis, St. Paul, Tel Aviv, Birmingham, Frankfurt, Lisbon, Manchester, San Juan, Katowice, Tashkent, Fukuoka, Baku, Sumqayit, St. Louis, Baltimore, Sapporo, Tampa, St. Petersburg, Taichung, Warsaw, Denver, Cologne, Bonn, Hamburg, Dubai, Pretoria, Vancouver, Beirut, Budapest, Cleveland, Pittsburgh, Campinas, Harare, Brasilia, Kuwait, Munich, Portland, Brussels, Vienna, San Jose, Damman , Copenhagen, Brisbane, Riverside, San Bernardino, Cincinnati and Accra Wedding of Prince William and Catherine Middleton Article Talk Read Edit View history Tools From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Wedding of Prince William and Catherine Middleton Waving William and Catherine waving to the crowd at The Mall shortly after their wedding Date 29 April 2011; 12 years ago Venue Westminster Abbey Location London, England Participants Prince William Catherine Middleton The wedding of Prince William and Catherine Middleton took place on Friday, 29 April 2011 at Westminster Abbey in London, England. William was second in the line of succession to the British throne. The couple had been in a relationship since 2003. John Hall, Dean of Westminster, presided at the service; Rowan Williams, Archbishop of Canterbury, conducted the marriage; Richard Chartres, Bishop of London, preached the sermon; and a reading was given by Catherine's brother James. William's best man was his brother Prince Harry, while Catherine's sister Pippa was the maid of honour. The ceremony was attended by the bride and groom's families, as well as members of foreign royal families, diplomats, and the couple's chosen personal guests. After the ceremony, the couple made the traditional appearance on the balcony of Buckingham Palace. As William was not the heir apparent to the throne at the time, the wedding was not a full state occasion and many details were left for the couple to decide, such as much of the guest list of about 1,900. William and Catherine first met in 2001. Their engagement, which took place on 20 October 2010, was announced on 16 November 2010. The build-up to the wedding and the occasion itself attracted much media attention, being compared in many ways with the wedding of William's parents in 1981. The occasion was a public holiday in the United Kingdom and featured many ceremonial aspects, including use of the state carriages and roles for the Foot Guards and Household Cavalry. Events were held around the Commonwealth to mark the wedding; organisations and hotels held events across Canada,[1] over 5,000 street parties were held throughout the United Kingdom, and about a million people lined the route between Westminster Abbey and Buckingham Palace on the wedding day.[2] The ceremony was viewed live by tens of millions more around the world, including 72 million live streams on YouTube.[3] In the United Kingdom, television audiences peaked at 26.3 million viewers, with a total of 36.7 million watching part of the coverage. Engagement announcement See also: Engagement announcement dress of Catherine Middleton Prince William and Catherine Middleton first met in 2001 while studying at the University of St Andrews.[4] They began dating in 2003.[5] On 16 November 2010, Clarence House stated that William was to marry Catherine "in the Spring or Summer of 2011, in London".[6] They were engaged in October 2010, while on a private holiday in Kenya; William gave Middleton the same engagement ring that his father had given to William's mother, Diana, Princess of Wales[7]—an 18-karat white gold ring with a 12-carat oval Ceylon (Sri Lankan) sapphire and 14 round diamonds. It was announced at approximately the same time that, after their marriage, the couple would live on the Isle of Anglesey in Wales, where William was based with the Royal Air Force.[6][8] A replica of Catherine's engagement ring The Queen said she was "absolutely delighted" for the couple,[7] giving her formal consent to the marriage, as required by the since repealed Royal Marriages Act 1772, in her British privy council on the morning of the engagement.[9] Congratulations also came in from the Queen's prime ministers,[10][11][12] including Julia Gillard, Prime Minister of Australia, who had at other times demonstrated moderate republican leanings.[13] The suffragan Bishop of Willesden, Pete Broadbent, who also has republican views, published a critical reaction to the wedding announcement on Facebook. He later acknowledged that his words were "offensive" and subsequently apologised,[14] but his superior, Richard Chartres, Bishop of London, instructed him to withdraw from public ministry "until further notice".[15][16] Following the announcement, the couple gave an exclusive interview to ITV News political editor Tom Bradby[17] and hosted a photocall at St James's Palace.[18][19] On 12 December 2010, Buckingham Palace issued the official engagement photographs; these were taken on 25 November, in the state apartments at St. James's Palace, by photographer Mario Testino.[20][21] On 23 November 2010, the date of the ceremony was confirmed as Friday, 29 April 2011.[22][23] The Queen in her British Council ordered on 15 December 2010 that the wedding day would be a public holiday throughout the United Kingdom.[22][24][25] It was also declared an official public holiday in the British Overseas Territories of Bermuda, the Cayman Islands, Gibraltar, the Falkland Islands, Montserrat, and the Turks and Caicos, and the British Crown Dependencies of Guernsey, Jersey, and the Isle of Man.[26][27][28] As 29 April fell six days before elections for the Scottish Parliament and the Alternative Vote referendum, this attracted political comment.[29][30][31] John Curtice, a professor of politics at the University of Strathclyde, stated for the Scottish elections that the date was "unfortunate" and was "likely to see the Royal Family getting caught up in political debate".[32] Middleton, who was christened as a child, decided to be confirmed into the Church of England preceding her wedding.[33] The confirmation service was conducted on 10 March at St James's Palace by the Bishop of London with her family and William in attendance.[34] TV programmes were also shown in the UK prior to the wedding which provided deeper insights into the couple's relationship and backgrounds, including When Kate Met William[35] and Channel 4's Meet the Middletons.[36] Planning Soldiers in non-dress uniforms during the rehearsal for the wedding on 27 April On 5 January, St James's Palace publicised that the ceremony would start at 11:00 British Summer Time (BST) and that Catherine would arrive at the abbey by car rather than by carriage (the latter is the traditional transport for royal brides). The route planned was along The Mall, through Horse Guards Parade, and down Whitehall to the abbey. Beforehand, motorists were warned about using the roads in central London on the wedding day, including by Transport for London, which issued travel advice on road closures.[37] Cost The costs of the wedding itself were borne by the Royal Family and the Middletons themselves, while the costs of security and transport were covered by Her Majesty's Treasury.[38][39] The couple also asked that donations be made to charities in place of traditional wedding gifts;[40] to that end, they established The Prince William and Miss Catherine Middleton Charitable Gift Fund, which focused on assisting charities such as the New Zealand Christchurch Earthquake Appeal, the Canadian Coast Guard Auxiliary, the Royal Flying Doctor Service, and the Zoological Society of London.[41] The overall cost of the event was estimated to be £23.7 million.[42] The Australian newspaper Herald Sun estimated A$32 million for security and A$800,000 for flowers. Estimates of the cost to the economy of extra public holidays, such as that allowed for the wedding, vary between £1.2 billion and £6 billion.[43] The British government tourist authority VisitBritain predicted the wedding would trigger a tourism boom that would last several years, eventually pulling in an additional 4 million visitors and generating £2 billion.[44] However, VisitBritain's head of research and forecasting, David Edwards, suggested to colleagues two days after the engagement was announced that the evidence points to royal weddings having a negative impact on inbound tourism. He noted that the number of visitors to Britain was down significantly in July 1981, when Prince Charles and Diana were married, from the same period in other years, and also July 1986, when Prince Andrew and Sarah Ferguson were married, was down from July 1985.[45] Guest list Main article: List of wedding guests of Prince William and Catherine Middleton The official invitation for the royal wedding, sent by the Lord Chamberlain On 16 and 17 February, three sets of guest lists were sent out in the name of the Queen. Many guests or their successors in office, who were invited to the wedding of William's parents were not invited to the wedding. The first list, consisting of about 1,900 people, attended the ceremony in the abbey; the second list of approximately 600 people were invited to the luncheon reception at Buckingham Palace, hosted by the Queen; and the final list, of about 300 names, was for the evening dinner hosted by the Prince of Wales.[46] More than half of wedding guests itself were family and friends of the couple, though there were a significant number of Commonwealth leaders (including the governors-general who represent the Queen in Commonwealth realms other than the UK, prime ministers of the Commonwealth realms, and heads of government of other Commonwealth countries), members of religious organisations, the diplomatic corps, several military officials, members of the British Royal Household, members of foreign royal families, and representatives of William's charities and others with whom William has worked on official business. Although St James's Palace declined to publish the names of those invited, a breakdown of guests was published by category; the list made no mention of foreign heads of state.[46] The invitation of Cardinal Seán Brady, Primate of All Ireland, to the event, and its acceptance, were described as "unprecedented" by a spokesman for Ireland's Catholic bishops. The spokesman attributed the invitation to Cardinal Brady's contribution to the Northern Ireland peace process.[47] Route Route of William to, and the couple from, Westminster Abbey The route of William and his party to the ceremony went between Buckingham Palace and Westminster Abbey, by The Mall, passing Clarence House, by Horse Guards Road, Horse Guards Parade, through Horse Guards Arch, Whitehall, the south side of Parliament Square, and Broad Sanctuary.[48] After the ceremony, the bridal couple returned along the same route by carriage.[49] At 6.00 am, roads in and around the processional route were closed to traffic. From 8.15 am, the main congregation, governors-general, prime ministers of Commonwealth realms, and diplomats all arrived at the abbey. William and Harry, who had stayed at Clarence House,[50] left for the ceremony at 10.10 am in a Bentley State Limousine and arrived at 10.18 am, followed by representatives of foreign royal families, the Middleton family, and, lastly, the Royal Family (the Prince of Wales and the Duchess of Cornwall; the Princess Royal and Vice Admiral Timothy Laurence; the Duke of York, Princess Beatrice, and Princess Eugenie; and the Earl and Countess of Wessex). The Queen and the Duke of Edinburgh were the last members of the Royal Family to leave Buckingham Palace, as is tradition, arriving at the abbey at 10.48 am.[51] The bridal party, who had spent the night at the Goring Hotel,[52] left for the ceremony in the former number one state Rolls-Royce Phantom VI at 10.52 am,[53] in time for the service to begin at 11.00 am. William travelled to the ceremony in a Bentley State Limousine (left) with his brother and best man Harry, and Catherine in a Rolls-Royce Phantom VI Silver Jubilee Car (right) with her father. The service finished at 12.15 pm, after which the newly married couple travelled to Buckingham Palace in the 1902 State Landau. They were followed by Prince Harry, Pippa Middleton, and the bridesmaids and page boys, who travelled in two of the Ascot Landaus; the Prince of Wales, the Duchess of Cornwall, and Mr and Mrs Middleton, who travelled in the Australian State Coach; and the Queen and the Duke of Edinburgh, who travelled in the Scottish State Coach. At 1.25 pm, the couple appeared on the balcony of Buckingham Palace to watch a flypast of an Avro Lancaster bomber, a Supermarine Spitfire fighter, and a Hawker Hurricane fighter aircraft from the Battle of Britain Memorial Flight, followed by two Typhoons from RAF Coningsby and two Tornado GR4s from RAF Leuchars in a flat diamond formation.[54][55] Ceremony Venue Westminster Abbey has been the venue for coronations and some royal weddings. Combined coat of arms of William and Catherine, the Duke and Duchess of Cambridge Westminster Abbey, founded in AD 960, has a particular status and is known as a Royal Peculiar.[56] Although the abbey has been the traditional location for coronations since 1066, not until the 20th century did it become the church of choice for royal weddings; prior to 1918, most royal weddings took place in the royal chapels, such as the Chapel Royal at St James's Palace and St George's Chapel, Windsor Castle.[57] The abbey, which has a usual seating capacity of 2000,[58] has been the venue for most royal weddings in the last century, including those of William's grandparents (Queen Elizabeth II and Prince Philip) in 1947, William's great-aunt Princess Margaret in 1960, William's first cousin twice removed Princess Alexandra in 1963, William's aunt Princess Anne in 1973, and William's uncle Prince Andrew in 1986.[59] It was also the setting for the funeral of Diana, Princess of Wales, in 1997. A prominent decorative addition inside the abbey for the ceremony was an avenue of 20-foot tall trees, six field maple and two hornbeams, arranged on either side of the main aisle.[60] Bridal party In a break with royal tradition, the groom had a best man—his brother, Prince Harry—rather than a supporter, while Catherine chose her sister, Pippa, as the maid of honour. There were four bridesmaids and two page boys:[61][62] Lady Louise Mountbatten-Windsor, the seven-year-old daughter of the Prince Edward, Earl of Wessex, and Sophie, Countess of Wessex Margarita Armstrong-Jones, the eight-year-old daughter of David Armstrong-Jones, Viscount Linley, and Serena, Viscountess Linley Grace van Cutsem, the three-year-old daughter of the couple's friend Hugh van Cutsem Eliza Lopes, the three-year-old granddaughter of Camilla, Duchess of Cornwall William Lowther-Pinkerton, the ten-year-old son of William's private secretary, Major Jamie Lowther-Pinkerton Tom Pettifer, the eight-year-old son of Princes William and Harry's former nanny, Tiggy Pettifer Wedding attire Bride Main article: Wedding dress of Catherine Middleton Catherine in her wedding dress Catherine's bridal dress, designed by the London-based designer Sarah Burton at Alexander McQueen,[63] was made of ivory satin and featured an overlaid long-sleeved V-neck lace bodice and appliquéd full skirt with box pleats, the back leading to a nine-foot train. The bodice incorporated machine-made lace, sourced from manufacturers in France and Britain. Floral motifs were cut from lengths of these and then appliquéd by hand onto silk net (tulle) by workers from the Royal School of Needlework. The motifs included roses, thistles, daffodils and shamrocks to represent England, Scotland, Wales and Northern Ireland.[64] The veil was held in place by the Cartier Halo Tiara, made in 1936 and lent to her by the Queen. It was purchased by the Queen's father, the future King George VI, for his wife Elizabeth three weeks before his accession. Princess Elizabeth (later Queen Elizabeth II) received the tiara from her mother on her 18th birthday. In order to avoid her tiara falling off (as had happened for Lady Diana Spencer while wearing a Spencer family tiara during her 1981 wedding to Charles, Prince of Wales), Catherine's stylists "backcombed the top [of her hair] to create a foundation for the tiara to sit around, then did a tiny plait in the middle and sewed it on."[65] For the customary bridal themes of "something old, something new, something borrowed, something blue", Middleton's gown and veil had lace appointments (the "old"); she was given custom-made diamond earrings by her parents (the "new") and the Queen's tiara (the "borrowed"); and a blue ribbon was sewn into the bodice (the "blue").[66] Middleton's point-toed pump shoes were also from Alexander McQueen[67] and had a lace pattern matching the dress with appliqués made by the Royal School of Needlework.[68] Catherine's shield-shaped wired bouquet, designed by Derek Connolly, contained myrtle, lily of the valley, sweet William, ivy and hyacinth.[66] Catherine's hair was styled in loose curls for the occasion by hair dresser James Pryce of the Richard Ward Salon.[65][69] She received private make-up lessons from Arabella Preston[69][70] and the entire bridal party received "makeup artistry assistance" from Bobbi Brown make-up artist Hannah Martin prior to the event, but ultimately Catherine did her own makeup for the occasion.[71] The look was described as a "soft smokey eye" with pink lips and cheeks.[69][72] Her nails were painted by manicurist Marina Sandoval in a mixture of two polishes: a "barely there pink" and a "sheer beige" to complement her skin tone and gown.[73] Bridal attendants Pippa Middleton, Catherine's maid of honour, also wore a gown by Sarah Burton of Alexander McQueen. It was described as being made of "heavy, ivory satin-based crepe, with a cowl front and with the same button detail and lace trims as Catherine's dress.[74] Like her sister, she received "makeup artistry assistance" from Bobbi Brown make-up artist Hannah Martin, but it is unclear who actually put on her makeup for the wedding day.[71] Her hair was loosely curled in a half-up, half-down style by the Richard Ward Salon[65] with a deep side part and a hairpiece made of ivy and lily of the valley to match Catherine's bouquet.[69] The young bridesmaids wore dresses designed by Nicki Macfarlane, handmade with the help of Macfarlane's daughter Charlotte, in their homes at Wiltshire and Kent.[75] The gowns echoed Catherine's dress and were made with the same fabrics and button detail along the back.[75] They were described as having a "ballerina-length, full, box pleated skirt" and were hand finished with English Cluny lace.[76] Their ivy and lily-of-the-valley hair wreaths were influenced by Catherine's mother Carole's headdress at her 1981 wedding to Michael Middleton.[75] All of the bridesmaids wore satin Mary Jane style shoes with a Swarovski crystal buckle designed by Devon-based Rainbow Club.[76] Their flowers were designed and made by Shane Connolly and replicated the flowers in Catherine's bouquet: lily-of-the-valley, sweet William, and hyacinth.[76] The pageboys' outfits were designed by Kashket and Partners[77] in the style worn by a "Foot Guard officer at the time of the Regency (the 1820s)" with an insignia from the Irish Guards, whose Colonel is Prince William.[citation needed] The tunics are red with gold piping and have Irish shamrocks on the collars. The Pages wore a gold and crimson sash (with tassel) around their waists, as is tradition for officers in the Irish Guards when in the presence of a member of the Royal Family.[citation needed] Groom and best man Prince William in uniform Prince William wore an Irish Guards mounted officer's uniform in Guard of Honour Order with a forage cap, rather than the bearskin hat.[78][79] As a serving Royal Air Force flight lieutenant who also held the equivalent Royal Navy rank of lieutenant and army rank of captain in the Blues and Royals, William could have chosen to wear the uniform of any of these junior officer ranks. However, as he had been appointed colonel of the Irish Guards on 10 February 2011, he opted instead to wear the full dress uniform of that regiment.[80] As a Knight of the Order of the Garter, he wore the order's star and blue riband, to which were affixed his RAF wings and Golden Jubilee Medal.[81] William did not wear a sword in the church.[81] Prince Harry wore the uniform of a captain of the Blues and Royals (Royal Horse Guards and 1st Dragoons), with a forage cap. He wore aiguillettes, a cross-belt and gold waist belt with sword slings, but no sword. He wore the wings of the Army Air Corps and Golden Jubilee and Afghanistan Campaign medals.[81] Designer Russell Kashket worked with the Princes to address concerns they had with the outfits. One such concern was the heat of the Abbey, so the designers used special material to absorb the heat while still achieving the desired look. Further, military dress uniforms do not traditionally have pockets, but the palace requested that some sort of compartment be added to Harry's outfit so that Catherine's wedding ring would not be lost.[77][82] Wedding service The order of service chosen by the bridal couple was the Series One form which is virtually identical with that of the 1928 Prayer Book.[83] The Dean of Westminster, John Hall, officiated for most of the service, with Rowan Williams, the Archbishop of Canterbury, as celebrant of the marriage and Richard Chartres, the Bishop of London, preaching the sermon.[84] It has long been traditional for the Archbishop of Canterbury, the Church of England's most senior bishop, to officiate at the weddings of England's monarchs and future monarchs.[85] Chartres is a close friend of the Prince of Wales and confirmed both Prince William and Catherine Middleton.[86] The service commenced with the procession of the Queen, Prince Philip and the clergy. Shortly after, Middleton arrived with the party of maid of honour and junior attendants. As the choir sang "I was glad", an anthem by Sir Hubert Parry composed in 1902 for the coronation of King Edward VII, Catherine made her three-and-a-half-minute procession through the nave and choir on her father's arm, to meet Prince William.[87] The service proceeded with the formal service and congregational singing of three well known hymns, fanfares, anthems, organ and orchestral music. In the marriage vows, the couple promised to "love, comfort, honour and keep" each other. This was sealed by the exchange of a single ring.[88] The lesson, read by Catherine's brother James Middleton, was from the Epistle to the Romans (Chapter 12, verses 1–2 and 9–18) and is an exhortation to live a righteous and peaceful life.[89] The sermon, preached by Richard Chartres, Bishop of London, commenced with a quotation from Catherine of Siena whose feast day it was. He urged the couple to live selflessly, each remembering the needs of each other and seeking to transform each other by love rather than seeking to reform. He ended the sermon with a prayer composed by the couple themselves:[84][90][91] God our Father, we thank you for our families; for the love that we share and for the joy of our marriage. In the busyness of each day keep our eyes fixed on what is real and important in life and help us to be generous with our time and love and energy. Strengthened by our union help us to serve and comfort those who suffer. We ask this in the Spirit of Jesus Christ. Amen. The service continued with prayers and exhortations by the dean and archbishop. A newly composed choral anthem was sung by the choir. After the signing of the registers, William and Catherine walked down the aisle, pausing briefly to bow and curtsey to the Queen. They were followed in procession by other members of the bridal party, and their families, being joined at the door by the two youngest bridesmaids.[54] On leaving Westminster Abbey, to the pealing of bells, they passed through a guard of honour of individually selected men and women from the various services, and were greeted by cheers from the crowds. The bridal couple entered the 1902 State Landau drawn by four white horses with postilions and attendant footmen, and guarded by a mounted escort of the Life Guard. A similar open carriage carried the rest of the bridal party, escorted by the Blues and Royals. The Queen and other members of the Royal Family followed in coaches drawn by the Queen's Cleveland Bay horses, and in state cars.[54] The wedding bouquet was returned to Westminster Abbey and placed on the tomb of the Unknown Warrior by a royal official after the photographs had been taken. This followed the tradition started by Prince William's great-grandmother, Lady Elizabeth Bowes-Lyon, after her marriage to Prince Albert, Duke of York (later King George VI), in 1923.[92][93] The formal portraits were taken by Hugo Burnand at Buckingham Palace following the ceremony.[94] Music Two choirs, one orchestra, and a fanfare ensemble played the music for the service. These were the Westminster Abbey Choir, the Chapel Royal Choir, the London Chamber Orchestra, and a fanfare ensemble from the Central Band of the Royal Air Force.[95] The choirs were directed by James O’Donnell, Organist and Master of the Choristers at Westminster Abbey. The abbey's sub-organist, Robert Quinney, played the organ. The organist, choir master and composer at the Chapel Royal was Andrew Gant. The London Chamber Orchestra was conducted by Christopher Warren-Green, who was its music director and principal conductor. The fanfares were performed under the direction of Wing Commander Duncan Stubbs.[96] Catherine processed down the aisle to the anthem "I was glad", written by Sir Hubert Parry, from Psalm 122. It was composed for the crowning of Prince William's great-great-great-grandfather, Edward VII, at Westminster Abbey in 1902.[97] Three congregational hymns were sung during the service: "Guide Me, O Thou Great Redeemer" sung to the tune "Cwm Rhondda". The hymn, originally written in Welsh by 18th-century Methodist preacher William Williams, had been sung at the funeral of Diana, Princess of Wales.[98] "Love Divine, All Loves Excelling". The words were written by Charles Wesley and its tune – Blaenwern – was composed by William Penfro Rowlands, during the 1904–1905 Welsh Revival. This hymn was sung at the Prince of Wales's 2005 marriage to the Duchess of Cornwall.[98] "Jerusalem", based on the poem by William Blake and set to music by Parry.[98] In addition, "God Save the Queen" was heralded with a fanfare and sung between the blessing and the signing of the wedding registers. Choral compositions featured in the service were Parry's Blest Pair of Sirens (a setting of an ode by John Milton) during the signing of the register, Paul Mealor's Ubi Caritas et Amor as the motet and a specially commissioned anthem, "This is the day which the Lord hath made" consisting of words chosen from the psalms, by John Rutter.[99][100] Fanfare ensemble leader Wing Commander Duncan Stubbs's own composition, Valiant and Brave, was performed as the royal couple signed the wedding registers.[95] Preux et audacieux (which translates from French as "Valiant and Brave") is the motto of 22 Squadron, in which Prince William was serving as a search and rescue pilot at RAF Valley in North Wales.[101] The fanfare led into the recessional music, the orchestral march "Crown Imperial" by William Walton, composed for the coronation of George VI and which was also performed at Charles and Diana's wedding.[102] The music performed before the service included two instrumental pieces by Sir Peter Maxwell Davies ("Veni Creator Spiritus" and "Farewell to Stromness"), as well as works by Johann Sebastian Bach, Benjamin Britten, Frederick Delius, Edward Elgar, Gerald Finzi, Charles Villiers Stanford, Ralph Vaughan Williams and Percy Whitlock.[99] The bells of Westminster Abbey rang a full peal as the newly married couple and guests left the church. The ten bells rang a peal called "Spliced Surprise Royal", consisting of 5,040 changes, that took more than three hours to complete. They were rung by the volunteers of the Westminster Abbey Company of Ringers, under the direction of David Hilling.[103] Wedding ring Catherine's wedding ring was made from Welsh gold.[104][105] The ring was created by the royal warrant holder Wartski, a company with roots in Bangor, Gwynedd, north Wales.[106] Since 1923, it has been a tradition in the Royal Family to use Welsh gold for the wedding ring of the bride.[107] This ring was made from a small amount of gold that had been kept in the royal vaults since it was presented to Queen Elizabeth II. It was mined from the Clogau Gold Mine in the mountains of North Wales. The Clogau Gold Mine had its heyday in the late nineteenth century, was abandoned in the early twentieth century, was reopened in 1992 and finally closed in 1998.[108] The Queen had "given a piece of the gold that has been in the family for many years to Prince William as a gift," a palace source stated.[107] Prince William chose not to receive a wedding ring at the ceremony.[105] Title upon marriage On the morning of the wedding, it was announced that William was to be created Duke of Cambridge, Earl of Strathearn, and Baron Carrickfergus,[109] with Catherine becoming Her Royal Highness The Duchess of Cambridge after the wedding.[110] This was in line with the practice of granting titles upon marriage to royal princes who did not already have one (for example, Prince Andrew was created Duke of York when he married in 1986).[111] Strathearn is close to St Andrews, Fife, in Scotland, where the couple met as students, and Carrickfergus is in Northern Ireland. Combined with his existing titular link with Wales, William's collective titles link him to all of the four countries in the United Kingdom.[110][113] Family celebrations Reception The newlyweds and the bridal party appeared on the balcony of Buckingham Palace; from left to right: Michael Middleton, Carole Middleton, the Duchess of Cornwall, Prince Charles, Eliza Lopes, Lady Louise Windsor, Grace van Cutsem, the Duchess of Cambridge, the Duke of Cambridge, Margarita Armstrong-Jones, Tom Pettifer, William Lowther-Pinkerton, the Queen, Prince Philip, Pippa Middleton, Prince Harry The night before the wedding, the Queen and other members of the royal family as well as royals from foreign countries attended a gala dinner at Mandarin Oriental Hyde Park organised by the Queen's cousin Lady Elizabeth Shakerley.[114][115] After the wedding, the Queen hosted a lunchtime reception at Buckingham Palace,[84][116] starting after the arrival of the married couple's carriage. It was a private gathering for guests drawn from the congregation who represent the couple's official and private lives. The couple made an appearance on the balcony on the east (main) front of Buckingham Palace, where they shared a kiss twice.[117] Claire Jones, Official Harpist to the Prince of Wales, performed at the reception, playing a gold leaf harp known as "Prince of Wales" presented to Prince Charles in 2006 by Italian-American harp maker Salvi Harps.[118] The menu for the reception remained a secret for several years until a copy of the menu was sold at an auction: South Uist salmon, Lyme Bay crab, Hebridean langoustines and a fresh herb salad with 2009 Domaine Guyot-Javillier Meursault North Highland organic lamb from Prince Charles's organic farm with spring vegetables, English asparagus, Jersey Royal potatoes and sauce Windsor with 2004 L'Hospitalet de Gazin Pomerol[119] Berkshire honey ice cream, sherry trifle and chocolate parfait with Laurent-Perrier Rosé champagne[120] Coffee and mint tea The main cake was an eight-tier fruit cake decorated with Lambeth-piped sugar paste flowers.[119][121] Cake designer Fiona Cairns based in Fleckney, Leicestershire was chosen in February 2011 to create the wedding cake. Additionally, McVitie's created a groom's cake from chocolate biscuit for the reception at Buckingham Palace. The chocolate biscuit cake was made from a Royal Family recipe and was specially requested by Prince William.[48][122] This icebox cake is a favorite tea cake of the Prince, his late mother Diana, Princess of Wales, and his grandmother Queen Elizabeth II.[123][124][125][126][127][128] At 3.35 pm, William drove his new wife back up the Mall for the short distance to Clarence House, his official London residence. The car, a blue, two-seater Aston Martin DB6 Volante (MkII convertible) that had been given to Prince Charles by the Queen as a 21st birthday present, was decorated in the customary newlywed style by the best man and friends; the rear number plate read "JUST WED".[129] The Prince had changed into a Blues and Royals captain's frock coat also made by Kashket;[130] his wife was still wearing her wedding dress. In a surprise organised by RAF Wattisham, the car was shadowed by a yellow Sea King helicopter flying the RAF Ensign from its winch cable, marking William's service as a pilot with the RAF Search and Rescue Force.[131] Evening celebrations In the evening, the Prince of Wales hosted a private dinner, followed by dancing, at Buckingham Palace for the couple and their close friends and family.[48][132] For the evening reception, the Duchess of Cambridge wore a strapless dress by Sarah Burton which "featured a circle skirt and diamante detailing".[133] She also wore a white shrug and let her hair down.[134] Singer-songwriter Ellie Goulding performed at the event, singing her rendition of "Your Song" for the couple's first dance. She also performed her hit single "Starry Eyed" for the assembled guests. The event ended with a small fireworks display in the palace grounds.[135] Public celebration A bell with William and Catherine's profile, made to commemorate the royal wedding. Official merchandise, coins, and stamps Prince William and Catherine Middleton personally approved an official range of china (including handmade plates, cups, and pill boxes) to be made for the Royal Collection and sold as souvenirs from December 2010 onwards.[136] The items were decorated with the intertwined initials of the couple under the prince's coronet and included the wording "To celebrate the marriage of Prince William of Wales and Catherine Middleton 29 April 2011."[137] The Lord Chamberlain's office approved a longer list of memorabilia, including official mugs, plates, biscuit tins, and porcelain pill pots. The document also clarified the use of William's coat of arms and pictures of the couple on such items. Initially, the Palace refused to sanction official tea towels, which, along with aprons, T-shirts and cushions, were deemed "in poor taste".[138] However, the restriction on tea towels, though not the other items, was later reversed. Sales of merchandising were expected to reach £44 million.[137] To mark the engagement of William and Catherine, the Royal Mint produced an official Alderney £5 engagement coin, showing the couple in profile,[139] as well as an official £5 coin for the wedding.[140] The Royal Australian Mint issued a series of circulation and collectable coins designed by Stuart Devlin.[141] The Royal Canadian Mint released a series of coins and Canada Post issued a stamp,[142] approved by Clarence House, in commemoration of the wedding.[143] On 21 April, a set of commemorative postage stamps, featuring the couple's official engagement photographs, was issued by Royal Mail.[144] Broadcasting The wedding was widely broadcast on television, internet, and radio, in more than 180 countries.[145] ITV,[146] BBC,[147] and CNN covered the ceremony and associated events live through the combined pool of footage from the BBC, Sky, and ITN to help cover the overall cost.[148] In North America, which is five to nine hours behind British Summer Time, the wedding occurred during the time usually taken up by network breakfast television programmes, which expanded their normal length to allow for full coverage. NBC's Today began coverage at 4 am Eastern Time,[149] and along with MSNBC, partnered with ITV.[150][151] ABC partnered with BBC,[152] CBS has its own live London affiliates,[153] and Fox and Fox News Channel partnered with their sister network Sky News.[154] (Although the American networks sent their top presenters, NBC expanded the Today show due to the 2011 Super Outbreak; NBC Nightly News presenter Brian Williams had arrived in London to present the coverage, but the tornado outbreak forced him to return to the United States.[155] Nevertheless, NBC had the highest ratings of any American network for the royal wedding, like 30 years before.[149]). The CBC[156] and CTV had live coverage.[157] Cable networks and radio also had live coverage.[158] In Mexico, the wedding aired on Televisa and TV Azteca; all television stations in Mexico carrying the ceremony stayed on the air during the late night hours instead of normally signing off. The ABC also took the BBC feed in Australia, in addition to pay TV channel UKTV. Coverage was also provided on the Seven Network, Nine Network and Network Ten. The ABC had planned to produce alternative commentary with The Chaser, but in response to these plans, the BBC barred the use of its footage for such a purpose, on orders from Clarence House.[159] The royal wedding was also streamed live online on YouTube via the British Monarchy's official The Royal Channel.[160] Nick Dixon reporting on American views of the wedding in Times Square for ITV's Daybreak programme on 28 April 2011 An April 2011 poll of 2,000 British adults found that 35% of the public intended to watch the wedding on television while an equal proportion planned to ignore the event altogether.[161] According to their reported plans, women were more than twice as likely (47%) to watch the event as men (23%).[162] Early estimates following the ceremony indicated an estimated 24.5 million people in the United Kingdom watched the wedding on either BBC One or ITV, giving those channels a 99.4% share of the terrestrial television audience as the service began,[163] with the BBC's Live royal wedding website having 9 million hits, estimating over half the British population watched the wedding. The viewing figures for the event have been the subject of much speculation, with Jeremy Hunt, Culture Secretary, estimating that 2 billion people would watch the wedding.[164] Following the event, this figure was duly reported by the media,[165][166] but was criticised by some news outlets for being inaccurate and unfounded.[167][168] Estimated figures include a peak audience of 26.3 million viewers and a total of 36.7 million watching at least some part of the wedding coverage in the UK,[169] while in the United States, the wedding drew an average audience of 22.8 million, with over 60 million tuning in at some point to watch some of the coverage.[170] In India, a reported 42.1 million viewers tuned in,[171] 9.9 million viewers in Germany,[172] 9.6 million viewers in France,[172] 5.22 million viewers watched the event in Canada with twelve million tuning in at some point,[173] five million in Australia,[174] and one million was expected in China,[175] for an audience of 122 million to 176 million viewers, drawing from a total population pool of 3.126 billion (approximately 45% of the world's population). Other reported figures put the global audience at 162 million viewers.[176] In addition to the television audiences, the ceremony attracted 72 million live streams and a reach of 101 million streams on YouTube across 188 countries.[177] With its 72 million streams, the wedding has been listed in the 2012 Guinness Book of World Records for the record of "Most Live Streams for a Single Event", beating out the Michael Jackson memorial service in 2009.[178] It has been suggested that the "two billion" figure is exaggerated,[179] and that there are too many gaps in the worldwide TV measuring system to accurately audit global audience figures.[180] Public response The Battle of Britain Memorial Flight overhead crowds of well-wishers at The Mall hoping to see the newly married couple on the Buckingham Palace balcony There were about 5,500 applications to hold royal wedding street parties across England and Wales, including 850 in London, one of which was hosted by Prime Minister David Cameron in Downing Street for charity workers and local children.[181] The anti-monarchy campaign group Republic held an alternative street party in Holborn.[182] The event had initially been blocked by Camden Council after businesses raised concerns about loss of trade.[183] A number of ceremonies and parties were held at places which had an intimate connection with the couple. In Scotland, about 2,000 people attended a party at the University of St Andrews, where the royal couple first met. Hundreds of people watched the ceremony on a big screen in Edinburgh's Festival Square.[184] Welsh celebrations were led by Anglesey, where Prince William was a search and rescue pilot and where the couple resided after the wedding. 2,600 people gathered to watch the event on big screens there, and around 200 street parties were organised throughout the rest of the country, including over 50 in Cardiff.[185] The international Peace Bridge across the Niagara River between the United States and Canada at Buffalo, New York, and Fort Erie, Ontario, and operated in part by an Ontario Crown corporation, was lit in red, blue and gold, the colours of the royal coat of arms.[186] In New Delhi, India, several hotels broadcast the ceremony live. One hotel offered cream tea and cakes decorated with royal emblems.[187] Criticism and scepticism stemmed from the belief that, at a time of recession and rising unemployment in the UK, millions of pounds in tax funds were used for the wedding's security. The costs of the wedding itself were paid for by the Royal Family and the Middletons.[188][189][190] Emma Boon, campaign director for the taxpayers union TaxPayers' Alliance, expressed distaste for the lavish cost of the wedding and noted, "Of course it should be an event for the whole nation to celebrate, but ordinary taxpayers should not be left with a bill fit for a king." Graham Smith, current Campaign Manager of Republic, also spoke out on the taxpayer's responsibility for the wedding.[191] Charitable fund In March 2011, William and Catherine set up a gift fund held by The Foundation of Prince William and Prince Harry to allow well-wishers who wanted to give them a wedding gift to donate money to charities with which they were involved, incorporating the armed forces, children, the elderly, art, sport and conservation.[192][193] The fund supported a total of 26 named organisations: Oily Cart: a charity providing interactive theatre for under-fives and young children with learning difficulties[194][195] PeacePlayers International: a charity uses sport, particularly basketball, to unite and educate young people from diverse backgrounds[196][195] The Ocean Youth Trust: a charity based around teaching people to sail to enhance personal development[197][195] Greenhouse Schools: a charity uses sport and dance programmes to reach out to London's disadvantaged children[198][195] IntoUniversity: a charity provides local learning centres in disadvantaged areas to inspire the local youngsters to achieve[199][195] Beatbullying: a charity works with children affected by bullying to provide them with support and confidence[200][195] The Association for Children's Palliative Care (ACT): a charity aims to give children who are not expected to reach adulthood the best quality of life they can[201][195] The Scottish Community Foundation: a charity helps fund good causes all across Scotland[202][195] The Berkshire Community Foundation: a charity is an organisation that gives grants to local voluntary organisations[203][195] Combat Stress: a charity providing care for veterans' mental health[204][195] The Household Cavalry Benevolent fund: a charity provides support to soldiers' families, former soldiers and serving soldiers of the Household Cavalry Regiment[205][195] The Irish Guards Appeal: a charity is an appeal to help all Irish Guards and their families who have been affected by serious injury or disability[206][195] The Army Widows Association: a charity provides comfort and support to widows and widowers of service men and women[207][195] The RAF Benevolent Fund: a charity provides practical and financial support to members of the RAF and their families[208][195] The Zoological Society of London: a charity for the worldwide conservation of wildlife and their habitats[209][195] Earthwatch: a charity to promote the understanding and action necessary for a sustainable environment[210][195] The Canadian Coast Guard Auxiliary: a charity provides assistance to the National Defence and Coast Guard with search and rescue and safe boating programmes[211][195] The Christchurch Earthquake appeal: a charity is raising money for the victims and victims' families of the earthquake that devastated Christchurch in February 2011[212][195] The Royal Flying Doctor Service of Australia: a charity delivering health care and emergency service to those who live, travel and work throughout Australia[213][214][195] Cruse Bereavement Care: a charity provides advice and support to anyone trying to cope with grief[215][195] Dance United: a charity uses contemporary dance training to unlock the potential of young offenders and disadvantaged children[216][195] Venture Trust: a charity uses wilderness expeditions to provide young people with personal development activities[217][195] Keyfund: a charity is providing young people with the opportunity to practically develop skills, confidence and self-awareness to reach their potential[218][195] A National Voice: a charity is an organisation run for and by young people who are or have been in care to create positive changes to the care system[219][195] Youth Access: a charity provides advice and counselling to youngsters across the UK[220][195] The Community Foundation in Wales: a charity manages funds to provide volunteer organisations in Wales with necessary grants[221][195] Tributes outside the Commonwealth In the United States, the Empire State Building in New York City was lit in red, white, and blue, the colours of the Union Flag at sunset on 29 April to mark the wedding.[222] Policing The wedding had been subject to threats of violence and disruption. In February 2011, security agencies, including MI5, identified "dissident Irish republican groups" as possible threats.[223] The group Muslims Against Crusades abandoned a planned protest.[224] The English Defence League vowed to hold a counter-demonstration and promised 50 to 100 EDL members at each railway station in central London to block Muslim extremists in a "ring of steel".[225] Security operations and arrests Sixty people arrested at the TUC rally on the March for the Alternative had bail conditions that prevented them entering central London over the wedding period.[226] On 28 April 2011, political activist Chris Knight and two others were arrested by Scotland Yard "on suspicion of conspiracy to cause public nuisance and breach of the peace". The three were planning a mock execution of Prince Andrew with a home-made guillotine in central London to coincide with the wedding. The guillotine was workable, but lacked a blade.[227][228] On the day of the wedding, the Metropolitan Police Service made "pre-emptive" moves, applying blanket stop and search powers and arresting 52 people, including 13 arrested at Charing Cross station in possession of anti-monarchy placards and "climbing equipment".[229] Five people, three of whom wearing zombie make-up, were arrested "on suspicion of planning a breach of the peace" when they entered a branch of Starbucks. At a peaceful protest in Soho Square, a man was arrested by plain clothes police. Chief Inspector John Dale claimed "He had articles on him to cause criminal damage".[229][230] Police described the overall security operation as an "amazing success".[231][232] 8 of the arrested appealed to the European Court of Human Rights that their arrests were unlawful, however their claims were rejected. In Scotland, twenty-one people were arrested at an unofficial "street party" in Kelvingrove Park, Glasgow which saw "completely unacceptable levels" of drunkenness, according to Strathclyde Police.[233] A taxi driver died on 10 May from injuries sustained when his cab was struck by a police van attending the Kelvingrove incident.[234] Honeymoon Despite reports that the couple would leave for their honeymoon the day after their wedding,[235][236] Prince William immediately returned to his work as a search-and-rescue pilot, and the couple did not depart until 9 May, ten days after their wedding.[237] The honeymoon destination was initially kept secret. Although the press speculated that they might be headed to locations such as South America, Jordan, and Kenya,[235] the couple ultimately decided to honeymoon for 10 days on a secluded villa on a private island in the Seychelles.[237] On the morning of 21 May, a spokesman for St. James's Palace announced that the couple had returned to the United Kingdom.[238][239] The length of the honeymoon was limited by William's RAF duties and the couple's official scheduled tour to Canada and the United States later that summer.[237][240] References  "Royal Wedding Events". Monarchist League of Canada. Archived from the original on 28 November 2012. Retrieved 29 March 2012.  "Police make 55 arrests around royal wedding". Reuters. Archived from the original on 3 April 2019. Retrieved 6 July 2021.  McCabe, Joanne (9 May 2011). "Royal wedding live YouTube stream watched by 72m". Metro.co.uk. Archived from the original on 14 September 2016. 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Retrieved 12 May 2011.  Gammell, Caroline (10 May 2011). "Prince William and Kate Middleton start honeymoon on Seychelles private island". The Telegraph. Archived from the original on 12 January 2022. Retrieved 11 May 2011.  "Royal wedding: Duke and Duchess of Cambridge return from honeymoon". The Daily Telegraph. 21 May 2011. Archived from the original on 12 January 2022. Retrieved 29 April 2012.  "Prince William and Duchess of Cambridge end honeymoon". BBC. 21 May 2011. Archived from the original on 19 May 2018. Retrieved 18 May 2018.  "Royal newly-weds to visit US after Canada tour". BBC News. 5 May 2011. Archived from the original on 8 May 2011. Retrieved 9 May 2011. 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For other uses, see Prince William (disambiguation) and William of the United Kingdom (disambiguation). William Prince of Wales (more) William in 2021 Born Prince William of Wales 21 June 1982 (age 41) St Mary's Hospital, London, England Spouse Catherine Middleton ​(m. 2011)​ Issue Prince George of Wales Princess Charlotte of Wales Prince Louis of Wales Names William Arthur Philip Louis[a] House Windsor Father Charles III Mother Diana Spencer Education Eton College University of St Andrews (MA Hons) Royal Military Academy Sandhurst Royal Air Force College Cranwell Britannia Royal Naval College Defence Helicopter Flying School Military career Allegiance United Kingdom Service/branch British Armed Forces Active service 2006–2013 Rank See list Unit Blues and Royals HMS Iron Duke RAF Search and Rescue Force Royal family of the United Kingdom and the other Commonwealth realms William, Prince of Wales KG, KT, PC, ADC (William Arthur Philip Louis; born 21 June 1982), is the heir apparent to the British throne. He is the elder son of King Charles III and Diana, Princess of Wales. William was born during the reign of his paternal grandmother, Queen Elizabeth II. He was educated at Wetherby School, Ludgrove School and Eton College. He earned a Master of Arts degree in geography at the University of St Andrews where he met his future wife, Catherine Middleton. They have three children: George, Charlotte and Louis. After university, William trained at the Royal Military Academy Sandhurst prior to serving with the Blues and Royals. In 2008 William graduated from the Royal Air Force College Cranwell, joining the RAF Search and Rescue Force in early 2009. He served as a full-time pilot with the East Anglian Air Ambulance for two years, starting in July 2015. William performs official duties and engagements on behalf of the monarch. He holds patronage with over 30 charitable and military organisations, including the Tusk Trust, Centrepoint, The Passage, Wales Air Ambulance and London's Air Ambulance Charity. He undertakes projects through the Royal Foundation, with his charity work revolving around mental health, conservation, homelessness and emergency workers. In 2020 William launched the Earthshot Prize, a £50 million initiative to incentivise environmental solutions over the next decade. William was made Duke of Cambridge immediately before his wedding in April 2011. He became Duke of Cornwall and Duke of Rothesay following his father's accession to the throne on 8 September 2022. The following day he was made Prince of Wales. Early life Prince William was born on 21 June 1982 in St Mary's Hospital, London, at 21:03 BST, as the first child of Charles, Prince of Wales (later King Charles III), and his first wife, Diana, Princess of Wales, during the reign of his paternal grandmother, Queen Elizabeth II.[3][4][5] Buckingham Palace announced his name – William Arthur Philip Louis – on 28 June.[3] William was christened in the Music Room of Buckingham Palace by the then Archbishop of Canterbury, Robert Runcie, on 4 August, coinciding with the 82nd birthday of his paternal great-grandmother, Queen Elizabeth The Queen Mother.[6][b] William was the first child born to a Prince and Princess of Wales since Prince John was born to Prince George and Princess Mary (later King George V and Queen Mary) in July 1905.[8] When he was nine months old, William accompanied his parents on their 1983 tour of Australia and New Zealand, as his first trip overseas.[9] It also marked the first time that a royal baby was taken on an overseas tour.[10] His younger brother, Prince Harry, was born in September 1984. Both of them were raised at Kensington Palace in London, and Highgrove House in Gloucestershire.[11][12][13] Known informally as "Wills" within his family,[14] William was nicknamed "Willy" by his brother and "Wombat" by his mother.[15][16] Diana wished her sons to obtain broader and more typical life experiences beyond royal upbringing, taking them to Walt Disney World, McDonald's, AIDS clinics and shelters for the homeless.[17] Biographer Robert Lacey asserts that William, a "rambunctious" and "bratty" child, grew "more reflective" with a "noticeably quiet character" as he began boarding school.[18] Diana was reported to have described William as "my little wise old man" on whom she started to rely as her confidant by his early teens.[19] Shaking hands with Barbara Bush, 1991. His mother, Diana, and brother, Harry, look on. William carried out his first public engagement while accompanying his parents on a visit to Llandaff on Saint David's Day in 1991.[20] He and Harry travelled to Canada on an official visit with their parents in 1991 and again with Charles in 1998.[21][22] William's parents divorced in 1996. Diana died in a car accident in the early hours of 31 August 1997. William, then aged 15, together with his 12-year-old brother and their father, was staying at Balmoral Castle at the time. The following morning, Charles informed William and Harry of their mother's death.[23] William was reportedly uncertain as to whether he should walk behind his mother's coffin during the funeral procession. His grandfather Prince Philip, Duke of Edinburgh, told him: "If you don't walk, I think you'll regret it later. If I walk, will you walk with me?".[24] At the funeral, William and Harry walked alongside their father, grandfather, and maternal uncle, Charles Spencer, 9th Earl Spencer, behind the funeral cortège from Kensington Palace to Westminster Abbey.[25] After his mother's death, William stated that he was "in a state of shock for many years".[26] He and Harry inherited the majority of the £12.9 million left by their mother on their respective 30th birthdays, a figure that had grown to £10 million each by 2014.[27][28] In 2014, the brothers inherited their mother's wedding dress along with many other of her personal possessions including dresses, diamond tiaras, jewels, letters and paintings. They also received the original lyrics and score of "Candle in the Wind" by Bernie Taupin and Elton John as performed by the latter at Diana's funeral.[28] In 2002, The Times reported that William and Harry would also share £4.9 million from trust funds established by their great-grandmother on their respective 21st birthdays, as well as £8 million upon their respective 40th birthdays.[29] Education William was educated at private schools, starting at Jane Mynors' nursery school and the pre-preparatory Wetherby School, both in London.[30] Following this, he attended Ludgrove School near Wokingham, Berkshire, and was privately tutored during summers by Rory Stewart.[31] At Ludgrove, he participated in football, swimming, basketball, clay pigeon shooting, and cross country running. He was subsequently admitted to Eton College, studying geography, biology, and history of art at A-Level. He obtained an 'A' in geography, a 'C' in biology, and a 'B' in history of art.[32][33][34] William was captain of the swimming team and his house football team at Eton, also taking up water polo.[35][36] The decision to place William at Eton went against the family tradition of sending royal children to Gordonstoun, which his father and grandfather both attended. Diana's brother and father were both Eton students.[17] The royal family and the tabloid press agreed that William would be allowed to study free from intrusion in exchange for regular updates about his life. John Wakeham, chairman of the Press Complaints Commission, stated "Prince William is not an institution; nor a soap star; nor a football hero. He is a boy: in the next few years, perhaps the most important and sometimes painful part of his life, he will grow up and become a man."[17] While at Eton, he often had tea on weekends at the nearby Windsor Castle with his grandmother, discussing state boxes and constitutional duties meant to "prepare [him] as future King."[37][38] In June 1991, William was admitted to the Royal Berkshire Hospital after being accidentally hit on the forehead by a fellow pupil wielding a golf club. He suffered a depressed fracture of the skull and was operated on at Great Ormond Street Hospital, resulting in a permanent scar.[39] The incident received widespread media attention.[35] In 1999, he underwent an operation on his left hand after he broke a finger.[40] After completing his studies at Eton, William took a gap year, during which he took part in British Army training exercises in Belize,[41] worked on English dairy farms, and visited Africa.[42] As part of the Raleigh International programme in the town of Tortel in southern Chile, William worked for ten weeks on local construction projects and taught English. He lived with other young volunteers, sharing in the common household chores.[41] His interest in African culture prompted him to teach himself Swahili.[43] In 2001, William enrolled at the University of St Andrews in Scotland.[44][45] Similar to his time at Eton, the media agreed not to invade his privacy, and students were warned not to leak stories to the press.[46] William embarked on a degree course in Art History but later changed his main subject to Geography. He focused his dissertation on the Indian Ocean's Rodrigues coral reefs and graduated with an undergraduate Master of Arts (MA Hons) degree with upper second class honours in 2005.[47][48][49] While at university, he represented the Scottish national universities water polo team at the Celtic Nations tournament in 2004.[36] He was reportedly known as "Steve" by other students to avoid any journalists overhearing and realising his identity.[50] Early appointments and duties At the age of 21, William was appointed a Counsellor of State; he first served in that capacity when the Queen attended the Commonwealth Heads of Government Meeting in the same year.[51] In July 2005, he embarked on his first solo public engagements on an overseas tour of New Zealand, travelling to participate in World War II commemorations.[52][51] According to author Tina Brown, he had, like his father, expressed a desire to become Governor-General of Australia.[53] In 2009, the Queen set up a private office for William and Harry with David Manning as their adviser.[54] Manning accompanied William on his first official tour in January 2010 as he toured Auckland and Wellington; William opened the new building of the Supreme Court of New Zealand and was welcomed by a Māori chief.[55][56] The visit spurred crowds of "many thousands", with positive public reception compared to that of his mother's 1983 tour.[57] In March 2011, William visited Christchurch, New Zealand, shortly after the earthquake,[58] and spoke at the memorial service at Hagley Park on behalf of his grandmother.[59] He also travelled to Australia to visit areas affected by flooding in Queensland and Victoria.[60][61] Upon graduation from university, William interned in land management at Chatsworth House and in banking at HSBC.[17] To prepare for his eventual management of the Duchy of Cornwall, in 2014, he additionally participated in a Cambridge practical agriculture management degree run by the Cambridge Programme for Sustainability Leadership (CPSL), of which his father is patron.[62][63][64] Military and air ambulance service In Royal Air Force uniform at the 2010 Trooping the Colour Having decided on a military career, William was admitted to the Royal Military Academy Sandhurst in January 2006.[65] As "Lieutenant Wales" – a name based on his father's then title Prince of Wales – he followed his brother[66] into the Blues and Royals as a troop commander in an armoured reconnaissance unit, after which he spent five months training for the post at Bovington Camp in Dorset.[67] Despite the Queen's approval for William to serve on the frontline, his position as second-in-line to the throne at the time cast doubts on his chances of seeing combat.[68] Plans by the Ministry of Defence to send William to Southern Iraq leaked and the government eventually decided against sending him as it would endanger both his life and the lives of people around him if he was targeted.[69] William instead trained in the Royal Navy and Royal Air Force, obtaining his commission as a sub-lieutenant in the former and a flying officer in the latter, both broadly equivalent to the army rank of lieutenant. After completing his training, he undertook an attachment with the Royal Air Force at RAF Cranwell.[70][71] Upon completing the course he was presented with his RAF wings by his father,[72] who had received his own wings after training at Cranwell.[73] During this secondment, William flew to Afghanistan in a C-17 Globemaster that repatriated the body of Trooper Robert Pearson.[74] William was then seconded to train with the Royal Navy.[75] He then completed an accelerated Naval Officer training course at the Britannia Royal Naval College.[75] Whilst serving on HMS Iron Duke in July 2008, William participated in a £40m drug seizure in the Atlantic, north-east of Barbados.[76] He was part of the crew on the Lynx helicopter which helped seize 900 kg of cocaine from a speedboat, for which he was awarded the United States Joint Services Achievement Medal.[77] William piloting a Sea King helicopter in 2010 In January 2009, William transferred his commission to the RAF and was promoted to Flight Lieutenant. He trained to become a helicopter pilot with the RAF's Search and Rescue Force. In January 2010, he graduated from the Defence Helicopter Flying School at RAF Shawbury.[78] In January 2010, he transferred to the Search and Rescue Training Unit at RAF Valley, Anglesey, to receive training on the Sea King search and rescue helicopter; he graduated in September 2010.[79][80] This made him the first member of the British royal family since Henry VII to live in Wales.[81] William's first rescue mission as co-pilot of a RAF Sea King was in response to an emergency call from Liverpool Coastguard in October 2010.[82] In November 2011, he participated in a search-and-rescue mission involving a cargo ship that was sinking in the Irish Sea; William, as a co-pilot, helped rescue two sailors.[83] He was deployed to the Falkland Islands for a six-week tour with No. 1564 Flight from February to March 2012.[84][85] The Argentine government condemned William's deployment to the islands close to the 30th anniversary of the beginning of the Falklands War as a "provocative act".[86][87] In June 2012, he gained a qualification to be captain or pilot in command of a Sea King rather than a co-pilot.[88] His active service as an RAF search-and-rescue pilot ended in September 2013.[89][90] He conducted 156 search and rescue operations, which resulted in 149 people being rescued.[91] He later became patron to the Battle of Britain Memorial Flight.[92] In July 2015, William began working full-time as a pilot with the East Anglian Air Ambulance (EAAA) based at Cambridge Airport, which he felt was a natural progression from his previous search-and-rescue role.[93][94] He donated his full salary to the EAAA charity.[94] William required a civil pilot's licence and further training before being permitted to begin his role.[94] He underwent part of his training at Norwich Airport.[95] William described working irregular shifts and dealing mostly with critical care cases.[96] He also discussed the impact of witnessing intensive trauma and bereavement on his mental health and personal life.[97] The BBC has written that William was "exposed to the National Health Service in a way that no other senior royal has been or possibly ever will be."[98] William left his position with EAAA in July 2017 to assume full-time royal duties.[99][98] After supporting an anniversary campaign for London's Air Ambulance Charity in 2019, he became the charity's official patron in March 2020.[100] In May 2020, he granted permission to the charity to use Kensington Palace's private lawn to refuel during the COVID-19 pandemic.[101] To mark Air Ambulance Week 2020, he wrote a letter thanking air ambulance workers, stating his "profound respect" for the community, particularly during the "immeasurably difficult" outbreak.[102][103] In February 2023, he became patron of the Wales Air Ambulance charity.[104][105] Personal life Pre-marriage relationship with Catherine Middleton 29 April 2011: Prince and Princess wedding day With Catherine on the Buckingham Palace balcony on their wedding day In 2001 William met Catherine Middleton, while they were students in residence at St Salvator's Hall, at the University of St Andrews, and they became close friends.[106][107] She reportedly caught William's attention at a charity fashion show at the university in 2002 when she appeared on the stage wearing a see-through lace dress.[108] During their second year, William shared a flat with Middleton and two other friends.[109] The couple began dating in 2003.[110] From 2003 to 2005 they both resided at Balgove House on the Strathtyrum estate with two roommates.[111][112] In 2004 the couple briefly split but reconciled soon afterwards.[113] The relationship was followed closely by the tabloid press.[114][115] Media attention became so intense that William asked the press to keep their distance from Middleton.[115] In December 2006, Middleton and her family attended William's passing out parade at the Royal Military Academy Sandhurst.[116][117] In April 2007 William and Middleton were reported to have split.[114] Middleton and her family attended the Concert for Diana three months later;[109] the couple were subsequently reported to have "rekindled their relationship".[118] She was in attendance during the Order of the Garter procession ceremony at Windsor Castle in June 2008, where William was made a Royal Knight of the Garter.[119] In June 2010 the couple moved into a cottage on the Bodorgan Estate in Anglesey, Wales, where they resided until 2014.[120][121][122] Marriage and children Further information: Wedding of Prince William and Catherine Middleton, Wedding dress of Catherine Middleton, and Engagement dress of Catherine Middleton With Catherine and their children at the Platinum Jubilee of Elizabeth II in 2022 The couple became engaged in October 2010 while on holiday in Kenya.[123] Clarence House announced their engagement on 16 November.[123] William gave his fianceé his mother's engagement ring.[124] The wedding took place in Westminster Abbey on 29 April 2011.[125] About a million people lined the wedding procession route in London, while the global audience for the wedding was reported to be over 300 million.[126][127][128][129] William and Catherine used Nottingham Cottage as their London home until 2013, when £4.5 million renovations completed at Apartment 1A at Kensington Palace, which continues to be their official residence in the capital.[130][131][132] The couple were given the country house Anmer Hall, on the Sandringham Estate, as a wedding gift from the Queen, where they lived from 2015 to 2017.[133][134] Kensington Palace was the couple's main residence until 2022, when the family moved to Adelaide Cottage in Windsor.[135][136][137] Catherine's first pregnancy was announced on 3 December 2012.[138] She was admitted on 22 July 2013 to the Lindo Wing of St Mary's Hospital, London, where Prince William had been delivered. Later that day, she gave birth to Prince George.[139][140] On 8 September 2014, it was announced that Catherine was pregnant with her second child.[141] She was admitted on 2 May 2015 to the same hospital and gave birth to Princess Charlotte.[142] Catherine's third pregnancy was announced on 4 September 2017;[143] Prince Louis was born on 23 April 2018.[144] William and Catherine have owned two English Cocker Spaniels, named Lupo and Orla.[145][146] Duke of Cambridge With Catherine at the Canada Day celebration in 2011, during their first tour outside the United Kingdom William was created Duke of Cambridge, Earl of Strathearn, and Baron Carrickfergus on the day of his wedding in April 2011.[147][148][149] He and Catherine toured Canada that summer, attending Canada Day celebrations on Parliament Hill; William delivered speeches at Quebec City Hall and Northwest Territories, the former entirely in French and the latter including phrases from the Na-Dene and Inuvialuktun languages.[150][151][152] Following initial public indifference[153] the couple drew crowds of up to half a million[154] and were praised for their relatability, with William referred to "comfortably" as a "prince of Canada" by the CBC.[155] William and Catherine served as ambassadors for the 2012 Summer Olympics in London, during multiple sporting events throughout the games.[156] In September that year, they toured Singapore, Malaysia, Tuvalu, and the Solomon Islands as part of the Queen's Diamond Jubilee celebrations.[157] William hosted his first investiture ceremony at Buckingham Palace in October 2013, an "extension of the Duke of Cambridge's public duties" after leaving the Royal Air Force.[158] In April 2014 he and Catherine undertook a royal tour to New Zealand and Australia with their son, George.[159] The tour was well-received by local press, with the New Zealand prime minister, John Key, crediting the couple with alleviating republican sentiment.[160] In August that year, William, Catherine and Harry represented the royal family at World War I commemorations in Belgium.[161] In December 2014 William and Catherine visited New York and Washington DC, where he made a speech at the World Bank condemning the illegal trade in wildlife.[162][163] In 2015 and 2016 William embarked on various visits of Asian countries, including Japan, China, Bhutan and India;[164][165][166][167] he was the first royal to visit mainland China in almost three decades, with the press referring to William's diplomacy as "deft" and "polished".[168][169][170] In response to media allegations of being "work-shy," William asserted his commitment to his duties, emphasizing his dedication to fatherhood and his role in air ambulance work.[171] Countries visited by William and Catherine in 2017 included France, Poland, Germany, and Belgium.[172][173][174][175] In January 2018 the couple visited Sweden and Norway.[176] The visits, which were, like others, requested by the Foreign Office, were interpreted to benefit UK-European relations post Brexit.[177][178][179] In June 2018 William toured Jordan, Israel and Palestine.[180][181] William and Catherine greeting members of the public on their visit to Sweden in 2018 William and Catherine toured Pakistan in October 2019, which was the royal family's first visit to the country in 13 years.[182] In November 2020, it was reported that William had tested positive for COVID-19 in April but decided not to alert the media to 'avoid alarming the nation'.[183] The Daily Telegraph reported he had been "very ill" and had isolated away from his family;[184] other sources said that he had not been seriously ill, not bed-ridden and working for most of the time.[185] In December that year, the couple embarked on a tour of England, Scotland, and Wales via the British royal train "to pay tribute to the inspiring work" of communities and charities in 2020.[186][187][188] Boris Johnson expressed his support, while Scottish first minister Nicola Sturgeon criticised the tour, citing travel restrictions; local governments were consulted before planning the tour.[189][190] In William's capacity as Lord High Commissioner to the General Assembly of the Church of Scotland, he and Catherine toured the country in May 2021.[191] In Cornwall in June 2021, the couple attended the G7 summit for the first time, meeting with Joe and Jill Biden.[192][193][194] In March 2022, the couple embarked on a tour of Belize, the Bahamas and Jamaica as part of the Queen's Platinum Jubilee celebrations. They encountered political and press criticism, given his family's ancestral connections to colonialism and the Atlantic slave trade.[195][196] Reparations for slavery emerged as a major demand of public protesters during the couple's visit.[197] In a speech in Jamaica, William stated that the royal family would accept each country's decision on republicanism with "pride and respect".[198] During the unveiling of the National Windrush Monument in London, William described the tour as "an opportunity to reflect" and condemned racism faced by both members of the Windrush generation and British minorities in 2022.[199][200] In May 2022 William attended the State Opening of Parliament for the first time as a counsellor of state, where his father delivered the Queen's Speech on behalf of William's grandmother.[201] Prince of Wales With Joe Biden in Boston, December 2022 Queen Elizabeth II died on 8 September 2022, and William's father succeeded as Charles III. William, now heir apparent, was created Prince of Wales by his father on 9 September.[202] Controversy regarding the title became a topic of public debate in Wales.[203] By 17 September, a petition calling for the end of the title had received over 30,000 signatures,[204][205] while a YouGov poll showed 66 per cent support for William to be given the title compared to 22 percent of respondents opposed.[206] On 30 October, Senedd Llywydd Elin Jones noted that an investiture is not a constitutional requirement and suggested that contemporary Wales would deem it unnecessary.[207] Kensington Palace also stated an investiture is "not on the table".[208] As the eldest son of the British monarch, William has inherited the Duchy of Cornwall, which brings him additional income.[209][210] The duchy is "a £760 million (about US$1.25 billion) entity established in 1337" to provide a private income to the monarch's eldest son.[62] William and Catherine visited Anglesey and Swansea on 27 September 2022, which marked their first visit to Wales since becoming Prince and Princess of Wales.[211] He visited the Senedd in November 2022, meeting the Welsh first minister Mark Drakeford.[212] In February 2023, William and Catherine visited Falmouth, marking their first visit to the region since becoming Duke and Duchess of Cornwall.[213] In March 2023 he undertook a solo visit to Poland during which he visited Rzeszów to meet Polish and British troops and Ukrainian refugees, and had talks with Polish president Andrzej Duda at the Presidential Palace.[214][215] In October 2023, William and Catherine condemned the Hamas-led attack on Israel.[216] In February 2024, he visited the headquarters of the British Red Cross, where he met humanitarian aid workers supporting civilians during the Israel–Gaza conflict, and called for an end to the fighting in a statement approved by the UK government.[217][218] Later that month, William pulled out at the last moment from of the thanksgiving service of his godfather, Constantine II of Greece, due to an undisclosed "personal matter".[219] The same month, he visited Western Marble Arch Synagogue to acknowledge the increase in antisemitism and human suffering in the Middle East.[220] Charity work Further information: Royal Foundation William became aware of HIV/AIDS in the mid-1990s when he accompanied his mother and brother on visits to shelters and clinics for patients. In January 2005, he and Harry volunteered at a British Red Cross aid distribution centre to pack emergency supplies for countries affected by the 2004 Boxing Day tsunami.[221] Later, in May 2005, William spent two weeks in North Wales with Mountain Rescue England and Wales (MREW).[221] In May 2007, he became patron of MREW and president of the Royal Marsden Hospital, the latter of which was a role previously held by his mother.[222][223] In July 2007, William and Harry organised the Concert for Diana, in memory of their mother, which benefitted the charities and patronages of Diana, William, and Harry.[224] In October 2008, the brothers embarked on the 1,000 mile eight-day Enduro Africa motorbike ride across South Africa to raise money for Sentebale, UNICEF and the Nelson Mandela Children's Fund.[225] In 2010, William became a patron of 100 Women in Hedge Funds' philanthropic initiatives for the following three years until 2012.[226] He succeeded Lord Attenborough in 2010 as the fifth president of the British Academy of Film and Television Arts.[227] In March 2011, he and Catherine set up a gift fund held by The Foundation of Prince William and Prince Harry to allow well-wishers to donate money to charities supporting the armed forces, children, the elderly, art, sport and conservation in lieu of gifts.[228] The charity was later renamed the Royal Foundation.[229][c] William has spoken out for LGBT rights as part of his work against cyberbullying, stating the importance of being "proud of the person you are" and discussing the effects of online abuse and discrimination.[231] In 2016, he appeared in the July issue of Attitude and became the first member of the royal family to be featured on the cover of a gay magazine.[232] He was recognised at the British LGBT Awards in May 2017.[231] William hosted a commemorative Pride Month discussion with mental health charity volunteers at the Royal Vauxhall Tavern in June 2023.[233] In March 2020, William appeared in a video for the National Emergencies Trust, launching a fundraising appeal to help charities during the pandemic. The appeal raised £11 million in its first week, eventually totalling to £90 million, with the money going out to "front line charities" and to the UK Community Foundations to be distributed among "local community foundations".[234][235] In April 2020, he officially became patron of the organisation.[236] Later that month, he made a surprise appearance on The Big Night In, a telethon held during the COVID-19 pandemic, in a skit which he held a video call with Stephen Fry, who reprised his role as (a descendant of) Lord Melchett, from the Blackadder series.[237] In December 2020, William and Catherine became joint patrons of NHS Charities Together.[238] In February 2021, he visited a vaccination centre in King's Lynn and later encouraged use of the vaccine, denouncing false information that could cause vaccine hesitancy.[239][240] In May 2021, William got his first dose of COVID-19 vaccine by NHS staff at the Science Museum in London.[241] In September 2021, it was reported that he had assisted in the evacuation of an Afghan officer, a Royal Military Academy Sandhurst graduate and aide to British troops, from Kabul airport, along with over 10 of his family members, during the 2021 Taliban offensive.[242] In March 2022 amid the Russian invasion of Ukraine, William and Catherine made a donation to help the refugees.[243] In February 2023, they donated to the Disasters Emergency Committee (DEC) which was helping victims of the 2023 Turkey–Syria earthquake.[244] In July 2023, William became patron of the appeal to launch The Fleming Centre, driving a new global movement to tackle antimicrobial resistance.[245] Conservation At a United for Wildlife Taskforce Meeting at Buckingham Palace, 2017 William became patron of the Tusk Trust in December 2005,[222] a charity that works towards conserving wildlife and initiating community development across Africa.[246][247] He carried out his first official duty with the Trust in launching a 5,000-mile (8,000 km) bike ride across the African continent in April 2008.[248] Later, William helped with launching the Tusk Conservation Awards, which have been presented to selected environmental activists annually since 2013.[249] In June 2010, he and his brother visited Botswana, Lesotho, and South Africa, undertaking projects relating to wildlife, sport, and young children.[250] In 2013, he succeeded his grandfather, the Duke of Edinburgh, as president of Fields in Trust.[251] He established the United for Wildlife Transport Taskforce in December 2014, with the goal of reducing global illegal wildlife trade.[252] In 2014, Jane Goodall stated that William had expressed the view that all ivory in the royal collection needed to be destroyed.[253] William has occasionally commented on the effects of overpopulation on the wildlife of Africa, but his remarks have been criticised in the media for not taking resource consumption and population density into consideration.[254] After two years of research, William launched the Earthshot Prize in October 2020, designed to provide funding and incentive for environmental solutions over the next decade. The Prize will be awarded every year from 2021 until 2030 to five winners each year, in accordance with five categories detailing the restoration of nature, air cleanliness, ocean conservation, waste-free living, and climate change.[255] Following the launch, he gave a TED Talk on environmental protection and conservation as part of the TED Countdown climate change initiative.[256] Later that month, William took over the patronages of Fauna and Flora International and the British Trust for Ornithology, passed on from his grandparents.[257] In the same month, he appeared in an ITV documentary titled Prince William: A Planet For Us All to discuss environmental issues.[258] In 2021, William made a private donation to the Thin Green Line Foundation, which provides grants for the relatives of conservation park rangers that are killed every year while protecting wildlife.[259] In July 2022, he condemned the murder of South African park ranger Anton Mzimba and asked for the responsible parties to "be brought to justice".[260] In August 2022, William voiced his support for the 63-month prison sentence given in the United States to a man responsible for trafficking rhinoceros horns and elephant ivory.[261] He had previously called for harsher punishments and penalties for poachers and smugglers at the Illegal Wildlife Trade Conference in 2018.[262] Mental health Since 2009, William has been patron of Child Bereavement UK, which provides support to children and families who have lost a loved one.[263] In 2016, the Royal Foundation launched multiple mental health initiatives, including Heads Together, a campaign led by William, Catherine and Harry to de-stigmatise mental health.[264] Legacy programmes include Mental Health at Work, launched in September 2018 to change the approach to workplace mental health in the United Kingdom, as well as Heads Up, launched in May 2019 in partnership with the Football Association, utilising football to affect the conversation surrounding mental health in adults.[265][266] Later that month, the couple together with William's brother and sister-in-law launched Shout, the United Kingdom's first 24/7 text messaging service for those who suffer from mental issues.[267] William later volunteered on the crisis helpline during the COVID-19 lockdowns to provide support via text message.[268] He attributes his interest in mental health to his experiences as an air ambulance pilot, his work with the homeless, veterans' welfare, and his wife's anti-addiction advocacy.[26] In March 2020, William and Catherine began supporting a new mental health initiative by the Public Health England agency amidst the coronavirus pandemic.[269] In April 2020, the couple announced Our Frontline, an initiative providing mental health support to emergency medical workers.[270] In September 2020 he established the Emergency Responders Senior Leaders Board, commissioned by the foundation to research the mental health and wellbeing of emergency responders, in partnership with King's College London and the Open University.[271] In May 2021 and 2022, William and Catherine voiced the Mental Health Minute message, which was broadcast on every radio station in the United Kingdom on and asked people to help individuals around them that suffer from loneliness.[272][273] In October 2022, to mark the World Mental Health Day, the couple took over Newsbeat and interviewed four guests on topics related to mental health.[274] In September 2023 William unveiled two organizations that had partnered with the Duchy of Cornwall to raise better mental well-being and provide mental health services for all its tenants.[275][276] In October 2023 to mark World Mental Health Day, he and Catherine took part in a forum for young people in Birmingham, alongside BBC Radio 1 and charity called The Mix, called Exploring our Emotional Worlds continuing their longstanding work to promote mental well-being.[277] Homelessness In September 2005, William became patron of Centrepoint, a charity that assists the homeless.[222][278] In December 2009, as part of a Centrepoint-organised event, the prince spent the night in a sleeping bag near Blackfriars Bridge to raise awareness of the experiences of homeless youth.[279] He opened their new facility, Apprenticeship House, in November 2019 to mark their 50th anniversary.[280] William has been patron of homelessness charity The Passage since 2019 after first visiting the centre in 1993 with his mother.[281] In October 2020, he wrote the introduction to the organisation's 40th-anniversary fundraising cookbook, discussing the importance of helping victims of homelessness during the COVID-19 pandemic.[282] In December 2020, William volunteered at the charity to help prepare donation bags for homeless residents in emergency hotel accommodations and spoke with residents about their experiences.[283] In 2022 and 2023, he was spotted selling copies of The Big Issue on the streets, copies of which are usually sold by homeless and unemployed people to collect money.[284][285] In June 2023, William launched Homewards after two years of development, which aims to "finally end homelessness" in the United Kingdom.[286][287] The five-year initiative aims to tackle homelessness in six pilot locations across the United Kingdom with an initial seed funding allocated for each area by the Royal Foundation, working with existing private sector and grassroots charity partners.[286] The project focuses on early intervention and providing housing to families before other issues, such as abuse and joblessness, are addressed.[287] In February 2024, William, in partnership with Cornish charity St Petrocs, announced plans for building 24 homes on Duchy of Cornwall land in Nansledan to provide temporary accommodation for people experiencing homelessness in the area.[288] Future plans include building more than 400 social rented homes and a further 475 affordable dwellings in South East Faversham.[288] Sport Playing polo at Sandhurst in 2007 William often plays polo to raise money for charity.[289] He is a fan of football, and supports the English club Aston Villa.[290] He became president of England's Football Association in May 2006 and vice-royal patron of the Welsh Rugby Union (WRU) in February 2007, supporting the Queen as patron.[222] The same year, the WRU's decision to name the Prince William Cup drew criticism as some believed it would have been more appropriate to name it after Ray Gravell.[291][292][293] In December 2016, William became patron of the WRU.[294] In December 2010, William, alongside David Cameron, attended a meeting with FIFA vice-president Chung Mong-joon at which Chung suggested a vote-trading deal for the right to host the 2018 World Cup in England. The English delegation reported the suggestion to FIFA, considering it a violation of anti-collusion rules.[295][296] In 2011, William, as president of the English FA, voted against Australia's 2022 FIFA bid and instead voted for South Korea, despite being Australia's future heir. In 2020, he voted against the joint Australia–New Zealand 2023 FIFA Women's World Cup bid and instead voted for Colombia.[297] In February 2021, following an investigation into racism directed at Marcus Rashford, William released a statement as president of the FA, denouncing the "racist abuse... whether on the pitch, in the stands, or on social media" as "despicable" and stating that "we all have a responsibility" to create an environment of tolerance and accountability.[298] In April 2021, William criticised the planned breakaway competition The Super League, adding that he "share[d] the concerns of fans about the proposed Super League and the damage it risks causing to the game we love."[299] In July 2021, he condemned racist attacks against England football players following their loss at the UEFA Euro 2020 finale.[300] In May 2007, William became patron of the English Schools' Swimming Association.[222] In 2012, together with his wife Catherine and brother Harry, William launched Coach Core. The program was set up following the 2012 Olympics and provides apprenticeship opportunities for people who desire to pursue a career as a professional coach.[301] In May 2020, he appeared in a BBC One Documentary titled Football, Prince William and Our Mental Health as a part of a campaign to promote men to discuss their mental issues using football as a common medium.[302] Both William and Harry are enthusiastic motorcyclists; William owns a Ducati 1198 S Corse.[303] In May 2014, William, like his father and grandfather, became president of the British Sub-Aqua Club (BSAC).[304] He took part in a bandy event in Stockholm in January 2018.[305] In November 2022, William was criticised by Welsh football followers and Welsh actor Michael Sheen for holding the Prince of Wales title whilst having affiliations with the England national football team, particularly after he presented jerseys to the squad in advance of the 2022 FIFA World Cup in which both Wales and England were placed in the same Group B.[306] William commented that he had supported the England football team from a very young age, but happily supported Welsh rugby union, of which he is patron, over England.[307] In August 2023, he was criticised in segments of the press and social media for not attending 2023 FIFA Women's World Cup final in Australia as president of the FA.[308][309][310] Public image William in 2009 William has been one of the most popular members of the British royal family since his birth.[311][312][313] Having lived a public life since birth, he was regarded as a "heartthrob" and eligible as a young adult, similar to his father.[314][315][316] Ruth La Ferla of The New York Times contrasted William's "refined" and "polite" appeal to Leonardo DiCaprio's "bad-boy" popularity.[317] Following his marriage, William's public image assumed a more "staid" and fatherly demeanour, having "settled into a stable domestic order."[318][319] Journalist Anne McElvoy has described William's public personality as a "genial presence" with a "tougher side", alongside his mother's "inimitable style".[320] Much of his royal duties focus on "big bet" projects, rather than "plaques and patronages". In 2016 William gave an interview stating his goal was "how do I make the royal family relevant in the next 20 years ... that's the challenge for me".[321][318] In April 2011, Time magazine listed him as one of the most influential people in the world alongside his then-newlywed wife Catherine.[322] In August 2023, Gallup, Inc. named him as the most popular public figure in the US after conducting a survey that asked for people's views on 15 prominent individuals.[323] In December 2022 and September 2023, he was found to be the most popular member of the royal family by statistics and polling company YouGov.[324][325] Privacy and the media The death of William's mother while being chased by the paparazzi in August 1997[326] has since influenced his attitude towards the media.[327] William and Catherine have often requested that, when off-duty, their privacy should be respected.[327] In 2005 William spoke with ITV reporter Tom Bradby and concluded that it was likely that their voicemails were being accessed.[328] An investigation under then Deputy Assistant Commissioner Peter Clarke concluded that the compromised voice mail accounts belonged to William's aides, including Jamie Lowther-Pinkerton,[329] and not the prince himself.[330] However, Clive Goodman later stated that he had hacked William's phone on 35 occasions.[331] William later sued News Group Newspapers, publisher of News of the World and The Sun, which resulted in an out-of-court settlement in 2020.[332] He and his brother Harry brought a claim privately through their mutual attorneys, but Harry later pursued his case separately with a new solicitor.[332][333] In 2005, after his then-girlfriend Catherine Middleton was chased by the paparazzi on her way to a job interview, William consulted Middleton and her father and wrote a legal letter to newspapers requesting that they respect her privacy.[334] As media attention increased around the time of Middleton's 25th birthday in January 2007, he issued a public statement mentioning that "the situation is proving unbearable for all those concerned."[335] In October 2007, William issued a public statement via his press secretary complaining about the "aggressive pursuit" by "photographers on motorcycles, in vehicles and on foot" while the couple were leaving a London nightclub and later driving in his car.[336] Following the statement, Daily Mail, Daily Mirror, and Daily Express all decided against using the paparazzi photos of the couple, but The Sun published photos taken before the couple's car had left.[336] The statement prompted the Press Complaints Commission (PCC) to issue a warning, asking editors not to publish photographs which were taken through harassment.[336] In April 2009, William's lawyers obtained an apology from The Daily Star after the tabloid had claimed he had "wrecked" a $2m plane during pilot training.[337] In September 2012, the French edition of Closer and Italian gossip magazine Chi published photographs of Catherine sun-bathing topless while on holiday at the Château d'Autet in Provence.[327] Analysts from The Times believed the photographs were taken from the D22 (Vaucluse) road half a kilometre from the pool – a distance that would require an 800-mm or a 1000-mm lens.[338] In September 2012, William and Catherine filed a criminal complaint with the French prosecution department and launched a claim for civil damages at the Tribunal de Grande Instance de Nanterre.[339] The following day the courts granted an injunction against Closer prohibiting further publication of the photographs and announced that a criminal investigation would be initiated.[340] Under French law, punitive damages cannot be awarded[341] but intrusions of privacy are a criminal offence.[342][343] In September 2017, Closer was fined €100,000 and its editor Laurence Pieau and owner Ernesto Mauri were each fined €45,000.[344] In October 2014, William and Catherine sent a legal letter to a freelance photographer who had put their son George and his nanny "under surveillance", asking the individual to stop "harassing and following" them.[345] In August 2015, Kensington Palace published a letter detailing what it stated were the "dangerous" and invasive efforts of the media to get paparazzi pictures of Prince George and Princess Charlotte. Jason Knauf, communications secretary to the couple, wrote the letter to media standards organisations in various countries.[346] In November 2016, William issued a statement supporting Prince Harry and his then-girlfriend, Meghan Markle, following their complaints about the press intrusion, stating that he "understands the situation concerning privacy and supports the need for Prince Harry to support those closest to him."[347] In November 2018 during a visit to the BBC studios in central London, he publicly criticised the social media firms' approach to handling "misinformation and conspiracy" and added, "Their self-image is so grounded in their positive power for good that they seem unable to engage in constructive discussion about the social problems they are creating".[348] In June 2022, a three-minute video of William confronting Terry Harris, a paparazzi photographer, was posted on Harris' YouTube channel.[349] It was recorded by Harris in January 2021 and shows William arguing with Harris as the latter attempts to film William's family on a bike ride near Anmer Hall.[350] Kensington Palace described the video as a breach of the family's privacy and asked for it to be removed from public websites.[350] William and Catherine's lawyers also contacted the photographer, who claimed he was on public roads and had filmed the video after hearing about allegations that the couple had broken the "rule of six" as they toured a public attraction at Sandringham while William's uncle and aunt, then Earl and Countess of Wessex, and their children happened to be in the same spot.[349] Titles, styles, honours, and arms Main article: List of titles and honours of William, Prince of Wales Titles and styles William has been a British prince since birth, and was known as "Prince William of Wales" until April 2011. On his wedding day, 29 April 2011, his grandmother Elizabeth II created him Duke of Cambridge, Earl of Strathearn and Baron Carrickfergus. The letters patent granting these titles were issued on 26 May that year.[351][352] As the eldest son of the monarch, William automatically became Duke of Cornwall, Duke of Rothesay, Earl of Carrick, Baron of Renfrew, Lord of the Isles, and Prince and Great Steward of Scotland on the accession of his father on 8 September 2022.[353][354] From 8 to 9 September, William was styled as "His Royal Highness the Duke of Cornwall and Cambridge".[355] On 9 September, Charles announced the creation of William as Prince of Wales, the traditional title for the male heir apparent to the British monarch. William has since been known as "His Royal Highness the Prince of Wales", except in Scotland, where he is called "His Royal Highness the Duke of Rothesay" instead.[206][356] The letters patent formally granting him this title and that of Earl of Chester were issued on 13 February 2023.[357] Honours William is a Royal Knight Companion of the Most Noble Order of the Garter (KG),[358] an Extra Knight of the Most Ancient and Most Noble Order of the Thistle (KT),[359] a member of the Privy Council of the United Kingdom (PC),[360][361] and a Personal Aide-de-Camp (ADC) to the sovereign.[362] Arms Coat of arms of William, Prince of Wales outside Scotland  Notes The coat of arms of the Prince of Wales, as used outside Scotland, is the royal coat of arms of the United Kingdom with the addition a three-pointed label and an inescutcheon bearing the arms of Wales. For the arms of the Duke of Rothesay in Scotland, see royal coat of arms of Scotland. Escutcheon Quarterly first and fourth Gules three lions passant guardant in pale Or armed and langed Azure second Or a lion rampant Gules armed and langued Azure within a double tressure flory counterflory third Azure a harp Or stringed Argent, with over all a label of three points Argent, and on an inescutcheon ensigned by the coronet of the heir-apparent, quarterly, Or and Gules four lions passant guardant counterchanged, ensigned by the coronet of his degree.[363] Symbolism As with the Royal Arms of the United Kingdom. The first and fourth quarters are the arms of England, the second of Scotland, the third of Ireland. The inescutcheon represents Wales. Previous versions Prince William was granted a personal coat of arms on his 18th birthday, differenced by a white (or silver) label with three points, the centre point bearing a red clam shell (an "escallop"), to distinguish it from the arms of other members of the Royal Family.[364] The escallop (seashell) alludes to his late mother Diana, Princess of Wales, whose Spencer coat of arms includes three Escallops Argent.[365] Other versions In February 2013, Queen Elizabeth II approved the conjugal arms of the Duke and Duchess of Cambridge, consisting of their individual arms displayed side by side, beneath a helm and coronet denoting the duke's status as grandson of the sovereign. These were released in September of the same year.[366] Coat of arms of William, Duke of Rothesay in Scotland  Notes The coat of arms of the Duke of Rothesay are only used in Scotland. Outside of Scotland the coat of arms of the Prince of Wales is the royal coat of arms of the United Kingdom with the addition of a three-pointed label and an inescutcheon bearing the arms of Wales. Adopted 8 September 2022 Crest Upon the royal helm the coronet of the Prince of Wales, thereon a lion sejant affronté Gules armed and langued Azure, differenced with a label of three points azure, crowned with the coronet of the Prince of Wales holding in his dexter paw a sword and in his sinister a sceptre, both Proper Escutcheon Quarterly first and fourth Or fess chequy argent and azure second and third Argent a galley sable overall an inescutcheon Or a lion rampant gules armed and langued azure within a double tressure flory-counter-flory of the second a label of three points azure Supporters Unicorns Argent, armed, crined and unguled Or imperially crowned proper, gorged with a coronet Or composed of crosses patée and fleurs de lys a chain affixed thereto passing between the forelegs and reflexed over the back also Or, differenced with a label of three points azure. Sinister holding the standard of Saint Andrew, dexter holding the royal arms of Scotland differenced with a label of three points azure. Compartment A compartment underneath from which issue thistles one towards each side of the escutcheon Orders The Order of the Thistle collar Symbolism The first and fourth quarters represent the title of the Lord High Steward of Scotland with the arms of Clan Stewart, the second and third quarters represent the title of Lord of the Isles, and the inescutcheon is the royal arms of Scotland differenced for an eldest son with a label of three points azure Banners, flags, and standards Main articles: Royal Standard of the United Kingdom and Royal standards of Canada Feathers of the Prince of Wales As heir apparent The banners used by the Prince of Wales vary depending upon location. His personal standard is the Royal Standard of the United Kingdom differenced as in his arms with a label of three points Argent, and the escutcheon of the arms of the Principality of Wales in the centre. It is used outside Wales, Scotland, Cornwall, and Canada, and throughout the entire United Kingdom when the prince is acting in an official capacity associated with the United Kingdom Armed Forces.[367] The personal flag for use in Wales is based upon the Royal Badge of Wales (the historic arms of the Kingdom of Gwynedd), which consist of four quadrants, the first and fourth with a red lion on a gold field, and the second and third with a gold lion on a red field. Superimposed is an escutcheon Vert bearing the single-arched coronet of the Prince of Wales.[367] In Scotland, the personal banner used since 1974 is based upon three ancient Scottish titles: Duke of Rothesay (heir apparent to the King of Scots), High Steward of Scotland and Lord of the Isles. The flag is divided into four quadrants like the arms of the Chief of Clan Stewart of Appin; the first and fourth quadrants comprise a gold field with a blue and silver checkered band in the centre; the second and third quadrants display a black galley on a silver field. The arms are differenced from those of Appin by the addition of an inescutcheon bearing the tressured lion rampant of Scotland; defaced by a plain label of three points Azure to indicate the heir apparent.[367] In Cornwall, the banner is the arms of the Duke of Cornwall: "Sable 15 bezants Or", that is, a black field bearing 15 gold coins.[367] In Canada, a personal heraldic banner for the Prince of Wales was first issued in 2011, consisting of the shield of the Arms of Canada defaced with both a blue roundel of the Prince of Wales's feathers surrounded by a wreath of gold maple leaves, and a white label of three points.[368]  "History". Royal Foundation. Archived from the original on 28 March 2023. 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Battle of Brothers: William, Harry and the Inside Story of a Family in Tumult. London: William Collins. ISBN 978-0008408527. Morton, Andrew (2011). William & Catherine: Their Story. New York: St. Martin's Press. ISBN 978-0-312-64340-9. Junor, Penny (2013). Prince William: The Man Who Will Be King. Pegasus. ISBN 978-1-60598-442-1. Graham, Tim; Archer, Peter (2003), William: HRH Prince William of Wales, Simon & Schuster, ISBN 978-0-74-324857-0 Junor, Penny (2013), Prince William: Born to be King, Hodder Paperbacks, ISBN 978-1-44-472041-9 Articles Campbell, Alastair (29 May 2017). "Prince William on Diana, Princess of Wales: In the most candid interview he has ever given, Prince William, the Duke of Cambridge speaks". GQ. Hedges, Mark (21 November 2018). "The Duke of Cambridge on the countryside, wildlife and passing on his father's inspiring example to George, Charlotte and Louis". Country Life. External links The Prince of Wales at Wikipedia's sister projects Media from Commons Quotations from Wikiquote Data from Wikidata The Prince of Wales at the official website of the British royal family The Duke of Cornwall at the Duchy of Cornwall website The Prince of Wales at the website of the Government of Canada Portraits of William, Prince of Wales at the National Portrait Gallery, London Edit this at Wikidata Appearances on C-SPAN Prince William at IMDb The Prince and Princess of Wales on Instagram William, Prince of Wales House of Windsor Born: 21 June 1982 Lines of succession First Heir apparent Succession to the British throne 1st in line Followed by Prince George of Wales British royalty Vacant Title last held by Charles III Prince of Wales 2022–present Incumbent Presumed next holder: Prince George of Wales Preceded by Charles III Duke of Cornwall Duke of Rothesay 2022–present Peerage of the United Kingdom Vacant 4th creation extinct in 1904 Title last held by Prince George Duke of Cambridge 5th creation 2011–present Incumbent Orders of precedence in the United Kingdom Preceded by The King Gentlemen HRH The Prince of Wales Followed by The Duke of Sussex Cultural offices Preceded by The Duke of York President of The Football Association 2006–present Incumbent Preceded by The Lord Attenborough President of BAFTA 2010–present Honorary titles Preceded by Sir Sebastian Roberts Colonel of the Irish Guards 2011–2022 Succeeded by The Princess of Wales Preceded by The Prince of Wales Colonel of the Welsh Guards 2022–present Incumbent vte William, Prince of Wales 21 June 1982 (age 41) Titles and honours Prince of WalesDuke of CornwallDuke of RothesayDuke of CambridgeEarl of ChesterEarl of CarrickEarl of StrathearnBaron of RenfrewBaron CarrickfergusLord of the IslesPrince and Great Steward of Scotland Family Catherine Middleton (wife)Prince George of Wales (son)Princess Charlotte of Wales (daughter)Prince Louis of Wales (son)Charles III (father)Diana Spencer (mother)Prince Harry, Duke of Sussex (brother) Events and charities Concert for DianaWedding guest listOverseas visits 2011 Canadian tour2014 Australian and New Zealand tourThe Royal FoundationEarthshot Prize Residences Kensington PalaceAdelaide CottageAnmer HallLlwynywermodTamarisk House Popular culture Portraits Portrait of the Duke and Duchess of Cambridge (2022) Film and television William & Kate: The Movie (2011)South Park: Royal Pudding (2011); Freemium Isn't Free (2014)William & Catherine: A Royal Romance (2011)The Windsors (TV series, 2016–2020; play, 2021)Spitting Image (2020–21)The Crown (2020–2023)The Prince (2021) Other Royal William rose Animals Lupo Homes Nottingham CottageKensington PalaceAnmer HallAdelaide Cottage Links to related articles vte Order of precedence in the United Kingdom (gentlemen) Shared (royal family) The KingThe Prince of Wales (in Scotland: the Duke of Rothesay)The Duke of Sussex (in Scotland: the Earl of Dumbarton)Prince George of WalesPrince Louis of WalesPrince Archie of SussexThe Duke of York (in Scotland: the Earl of Inverness)The Duke of EdinburghEarl of WessexPeter PhillipsThe Duke of GloucesterThe Duke of KentThe Earl of SnowdonPrince Michael of Kent England and Wales Justin Welby, Archbishop of CanterburyAlex Chalk, Lord ChancellorStephen Cottrell, Archbishop of YorkRishi Sunak, Prime Minister of the United KingdomSir Lindsay Hoyle, Speaker of the House of CommonsThe Lord McFall of Alcluith, Lord SpeakerThe Lord Reed of Allermuir, President of the Supreme Court of the United KingdomThe Lord True, Lord Privy SealAmbassadors and High CommissionersThe Lord Carrington, Lord Great ChamberlainThe Duke of Norfolk, Earl MarshalThe Earl of Rosslyn, Lord StewardThe Lord Parker of Minsmere, Lord ChamberlainThe Lord de Mauley, Master of the Horse Scotland Lord LieutenantsSheriffs PrincipalAlex Chalk, Lord High ChancellorRishi Sunak, Prime Minister of the United KingdomHumza Yousaf, First Minister of Scotland and Keeper of the Great SealAlister Jack, Secretary of State for ScotlandThe Earl of Erroll, Lord High Constable of ScotlandThe Duke of Argyll, Master of the Household of Scotland Northern Ireland Lords Lieutenant of counties and citiesHigh sheriffs of countiesJohn McDowell, Archbishop of Armagh (Church of Ireland)Eamon Martin, Archbishop of Armagh (Roman Catholic)Dermot Farrell, Archbishop of Dublin (Roman Catholic)Michael Jackson, Archbishop of Dublin (Church of Ireland)Rt Rev Dr John Kirkpatrick, Moderator of the Presbyterian ChurchLord Mayor of Belfast and Mayors of boroughs in Northern IrelandAlex Chalk, Lord High ChancellorRishi Sunak, Prime Minister of the United KingdomSir Lindsay Hoyle, Commons SpeakerThe Lord McFall of Alcluith, Lord SpeakerThe Lord Carrington, Lord Great ChamberlainThe Duke of Norfolk, Earl MarshalThe Earl of Rosslyn, Lord StewardThe Lord Parker of Minsmere, Lord ChamberlainThe Lord de Mauley, Master of the Horse not including short-term appointments, visiting dignitaries and most peers vte British princes The generations indicate descent from George I, who formalised the use of the titles prince and princess for members of the British royal family. 1st generation King George II 2nd generation Frederick, Prince of WalesPrince George WilliamPrince William, Duke of Cumberland 3rd generation King George IIIPrince Edward, Duke of York and AlbanyPrince William Henry, Duke of Gloucester and EdinburghPrince Henry, Duke of Cumberland and StrathearnPrince Frederick 4th generation King George IVPrince Frederick, Duke of York and AlbanyKing William IVPrince Edward, Duke of Kent and StrathearnKing Ernest Augustus of HanoverPrince Augustus Frederick, Duke of SussexPrince Adolphus, Duke of CambridgePrince OctaviusPrince AlfredPrince William Frederick, Duke of Gloucester and Edinburgh 5th generation Prince Albert1King George V of HanoverPrince George, Duke of Cambridge 6th generation King Edward VIIPrince Alfred, Duke of Edinburgh and of Saxe-Coburg and GothaPrince Arthur, Duke of Connaught and StrathearnPrince Leopold, Duke of AlbanyPrince Ernest Augustus 7th generation Prince Albert Victor, Duke of Clarence and AvondaleKing George VPrince Alexander John of WalesAlfred, Hereditary Prince of Saxe-Coburg and GothaPrince Arthur of ConnaughtPrince Charles Edward, Duke of Albany and of Saxe-Coburg and GothaPrince George William of HanoverPrince Christian of HanoverPrince Ernest Augustus, Duke of Brunswick 8th generation King Edward VIIIKing George VIPrince Henry, Duke of GloucesterPrince George, Duke of KentPrince JohnAlastair, 2nd Duke of Connaught and StrathearnJohann Leopold, Hereditary Prince of Saxe-Coburg and GothaPrince Hubertus of Saxe-Coburg and GothaPrince Ernest Augustus of HanoverPrince George William of Hanover 9th generation Prince Philip, Duke of Edinburgh2Prince William of GloucesterPrince Richard, Duke of GloucesterPrince Edward, Duke of KentPrince Michael of Kent 10th generation King Charles IIIPrince Andrew, Duke of YorkPrince Edward, Duke of Edinburgh 11th generation William, Prince of WalesPrince Harry, Duke of SussexJames Mountbatten-Windsor, Earl of Wessex 12th generation Prince George of WalesPrince Louis of WalesPrince Archie of Sussex 1 Not a British prince by birth, but created Prince Consort. 2 Not a British prince by birth, but created a Prince of the United Kingdom. Princes whose titles were removed and eligible people who do not use the title are shown in italics. vte Princes of Wales Edward of Caernarfon (1301–1307)Edward the Black Prince (1343–1376)Richard of Bordeaux (1376–1377)Henry of Monmouth (1399–1413)Edward of Westminster (1454–1471)Richard of York (1460; disputed)Edward (1471–1483)Edward of Middleham (1483–1484)Arthur (1489–1502)Henry (1504–1509)Edward (1537–1547)Henry Frederick (1610–1612)Charles (1616–1625)Charles (1641–1649)James (1688)George (1714–1727)Frederick (1728–1751)George (1751–1760)George (1762–1820)Albert Edward (1841–1901)George (1901–1910)Edward (1910–1936)Charles (1958–2022)William (2022–present) See also: Principality of Wales vte Current dukes in the peerages of Britain and Ireland Current title holders, listed by date of creation, from earliest to most recent Royal dukes Prince William, Duke of Cornwall, Rothesay and CambridgePrince Harry, Duke of SussexPrince Andrew, Duke of YorkPrince Edward, Duke of EdinburghPrince Richard, Duke of GloucesterPrince Edward, Duke of Kent England Kingdom of England Edward Fitzalan-Howard, 18th Duke of NorfolkJohn Seymour, 19th Duke of SomersetCharles Gordon-Lennox, 11th Duke of RichmondHenry FitzRoy, 12th Duke of GraftonHenry Somerset, 12th Duke of BeaufortMurray Beauclerk, 14th Duke of St AlbansAndrew Russell, 15th Duke of BedfordPeregrine Cavendish, 12th Duke of DevonshireJames Spencer-Churchill, 12th Duke of MarlboroughDavid Manners, 11th Duke of Rutland Scotland Kingdom of Scotland Alexander Douglas-Hamilton, 16th Duke of HamiltonRichard Scott, 10th Duke of BuccleuchCharles Gordon-Lennox, 11th Duke of LennoxRichard Scott, 12th Duke of QueensberryTorquhil Campbell, 13th Duke of ArgyllBruce Murray, 12th Duke of AthollJames Graham, 8th Duke of MontroseCharles Innes-Ker, 11th Duke of Roxburghe Great Britain Kingdom of Great Britain Alexander Douglas-Hamilton, 13th Duke of BrandonAlexander Montagu, 13th Duke of ManchesterRalph Percy, 12th Duke of Northumberland Ireland Kingdom of Ireland Maurice FitzGerald, 9th Duke of LeinsterJames Hamilton, 5th Duke of Abercorn United Kingdom United Kingdom Charles Wellesley, 9th Duke of WellingtonFrancis Egerton, 7th Duke of SutherlandHugh Grosvenor, 7th Duke of WestminsterCharles Gordon-Lennox, 6th Duke of GordonTorquhil Campbell, 6th Duke of ArgyllDavid Carnegie, 4th Duke of Fife Italics indicate the duke also holds a previously listed dukedom of greater precedence vte Dukes of Cornwall Edward (1337–1376)Richard (1376–1377)Henry (1399–1413)Henry (1421–1422)Edward (1453–1471)Richard (1460; disputed)Edward (1470–1483)Edward (1483–1484)Arthur (1486–1502)Henry (1502–1509)Henry (1511)Edward (1537–1547)Henry Frederick (1603–1612)Charles (1612–1625)Charles (1630–1649)James (1688–1701/2)George (1714–1727)Frederick (1727–1751)George (1762–1820)Albert Edward (1841–1901)George (1901–1910)Edward (1910–1936)Charles (1952–2022)William (2022–present) Cornwall Portal vte Dukes of Cambridge Charles (1660–1661; only styled)James (1664–1667)Edgar (1667–1671)Charles (1677–1677; only styled)George (1706–1727)Adolphus (1801–1850)George (1850–1904)William (2011–present) vte Dukes of Rothesay David (1398–1402)James (1402–1406)Alexander (1430)James (1430–1437)James (1452–1460)James (1473–1488)James (1507–1508)Arthur (1509–1510)James (1512–1513)James (1540–1541)James (1566–1567)Henry Frederick (1594–1612)Charles (1612–1625)Charles James (1629)Charles (1630–1649)James (1688–1689)George (1714–1727)Frederick (1727–1751)George (1762–1820)Albert Edward (1841–1901)George (1901–1910)Edward (1910–1936)Charles (1952–2022)William (2022–present) vte Earls or Mormaers of Strathearn [Known] earls from Strathearn line Malise IFertethGille-BrigteRobertMalise IIMalise IIIMalise IVMalise V Earls from Moray line Maurice de Moravia Earls from the Stewart and Graham line Robert StewartDavid StewartEuphemia StewartMalise GrahamWalter Stewart Earls from Windsor line Prince William vte Current heirs of sovereign monarchies Africa Lesotho Lerotholi SeeisoMorocco Moulay Hassan Americas Antigua and Barbuda The Bahamas Belize Canada Grenada Jamaica Saint Kitts and Nevis Saint Lucia Saint Vincent and the Grenadines William Asia Bahrain SalmanBhutan Jigme Namgyel WangchuckBrunei Al-Muhtadee BillahJapan FumihitoJordan HusseinMalaysia Nazrin ShahOman TheyazinQatar AbdullahSaudi Arabia MohammedThailand Dipangkorn RasmijotiUnited Arab Emirates Khaled Europe Belgium ElisabethDenmark ChristianLiechtenstein Alois Luxembourg GuillaumeMonaco JacquesKingdom of the Netherlands Catharina-AmaliaNorway HaakonSpain LeonorSweden VictoriaUnited Kingdom William Oceania Australia New Zealand Papua New Guinea Solomon Islands Tuvalu WilliamTonga Tupoutoʻa ʻUlukalala See also: Current monarchs of sovereign states vte Current members of the Order of the Garter Sovereign The King (ex officio) Royal Knights and Ladies (Companion) The Duke of KentThe Princess RoyalThe Duke of GloucesterPrincess Alexandra, The Hon Lady OgilvyThe Duke of YorkThe Duke of EdinburghThe Prince of Wales (ex officio)The Queen Stranger Knights and Ladies Companion Queen Margrethe II of DenmarkThe King of SwedenKing Juan Carlos I of SpainPrincess Beatrix of the NetherlandsEmperor Akihito of JapanThe King of NorwayThe King of SpainThe King of the Netherlands Knights and Ladies Companion The Duke of AbercornThe Lord Butler of BrockwellSir John MajorThe Lord LuceSir Thomas DunneThe Lord Phillips of Worth MatraversThe Lord StirrupThe Baroness Manningham-BullerThe Lord King of LothburyThe Lord ShuttleworthLady Mary FaganThe Viscount BrookeboroughLady Mary PetersThe Marquess of SalisburyThe Baroness AmosSir Tony BlairThe Baroness Ashton of UphollandThe Lord Patten of Barnes6 vacancies Officers Philip Mounstephen, Bishop of Winchester (Prelate, ex officio)The Duke of Abercorn (Chancellor)Christopher Cocksworth, Dean of Windsor (Register, ex officio)David White (Garter King of Arms, ex officio)Patric Dickinson (Secretary)Sarah Clarke (Black Rod, ex officio) vte Current members of the Order of the Thistle Sovereign The King Extra Knights and Ladies The Princess RoyalThe Duke of RothesayThe QueenThe Duke of Edinburgh Knights and Ladies The Earl of Elgin and KincardineThe Lord Mackay of ClashfernThe Lord Wilson of TillyornThe Lord Steel of AikwoodThe Lord Robertson of Port EllenThe Lord Cullen of WhitekirkThe Lord Hope of CraigheadThe Lord PatelThe Lord Smith of KelvinThe Duke of Buccleuch and QueensberrySir Ian WoodLady Elish AngioliniSir George ReidThe Baroness Black of StromeThe Baroness Kennedy of The ShawsSir Geoff Palmer Officers Prof David Fergusson (Dean)The Duke of Buccleuch and Queensberry (Chancellor)Canon Joseph Morrow (Lord Lyon King of Arms, ex officio)Elizabeth Roads (Secretary)Rear Admiral Christopher Layman (Green Rod, ex officio) vte The Football Association Founder members BarnesBlackheathBlackheath Proprietary SchoolCivil ServiceCrusadersCrystal PalaceKensington SchoolLeytonstone ForestNo Names ClubPerceval HouseSurbiton Presidents Arthur PemberEbenezer MorleyFrancis MarindinArthur KinnairdCharles CleggWilliam PickfordThe Earl of AthloneHRH The Duke of EdinburghHRH The Duke of GloucesterThe Earl of HarewoodHRH The Duke of KentHRH The Duke of YorkHRH The Prince of Wales Chairmen Charles CleggA. G. HinesM. FrowdeAmos Brook HirstArthur DrewryGraham DoggartJoe MearsAndrew StephenHarold Warris ThompsonBert MillichipKeith WisemanGeoff ThompsonLord TriesmanDavid BernsteinGreg DykeGreg ClarkeDebbie Hewitt Secretaries Ebenezer MorleyRobert WillisRobert GrahamCharles W. AlcockFrederick WallStanley RousDenis FollowsTed Croker Chief Executives Graham KellyAdam CrozierMark PaliosDavid DaviesBrian BarwickIan WatmoreMartin Glenn Treasurers Francis CampbellJames TurnerRobert GrahamAlfred StairCharles W. AlcockArthur KinnairdC. E. HartDaniel WoolfallArthur KingscottHarry HubandL. C. TyteDenis FollowsSidney Donaldson vte Fellows of the Royal Society elected in 2009 Fellows Robert AinsworthRoss J. AndersonMichael AshfoldMichael BattyMartin BuckPeter BunemanMichel ChrétienJenny ClackMichael DuffRichard EllisJeff EllisJames GimzewskiDavid GloverChris GoodnowWendy HallNicholas HarberdJohn HardyBrian HemmingsChristine HoltChristopher HunterGraham HutchingsPeter IsaacsonJonathan KeatingDimitris KioussisStephen LarterDavid LeighDavid MacKayArthur B. McDonaldAngela McLeanDavid OwenRichard PassinghamGuy RichardsonWolfram SchultzKeith ShineHenning SirringhausMaurice SkolnickKaren SteelMalcolm StevensJesper SvejstrupJonathan TennysonJohn ToddBurt TotaroJohn VederasJohn Wood Foreign John HoldrenH. Robert HorvitzThomas KailathRoger D. KornbergYakov SinaiJoseph StiglitzRashid SunyaevSteven D. Tanksley Royal William, Prince of Wales Portals: icon Monarchy flag United Kingdom flag England icon London flag Scotland flag Wales icon Northern Ireland flag Australia flag Belize flag Canada flag Jamaica flag New Zealand flag Tuvalu Authority control databases Edit this at Wikidata International FASTISNIVIAFWorldCat National NorwayFranceBnF dataGermanyIsraelUnited StatesLatviaCzech RepublicAustraliaNetherlandsPoland Artists MusicBrainzTe Papa (New Zealand) People Trove Other IdRef Categories: William, Prince of Wales1982 birthsLiving people20th-century British people21st-century British Army personnel21st-century Royal Air Force personnel21st-century Royal Navy personnelAlumni of the University of St AndrewsBlues and Royals officersBritish AnglicansBritish environmentalistsBritish geographersBritish male water polo playersBritish polo playersDukes created by Elizabeth IIDukes of CambridgeDukes of CornwallDukes of RothesayEarls or mormaers of StrathearnGraduates of the Royal Military Academy SandhurstHelicopter pilotsHeirs to the British throneHeirs apparentHouse of WindsorKnights of the GarterKnights of the ThistleMembers of the Privy Council of the United KingdomMiddleton family (British)Mountbatten-Windsor familyPeople from LondonPeople educated at Eton CollegePeople educated at Ludgrove SchoolPeople educated at Wetherby SchoolPresidents of the Football AssociationBritish princesPrinces of WalesRoyal Air Force wing commandersRoyal Navy officersSons of kings Catherine, princess of Wales consort of Prince William Also known as: Catherine Elizabeth Middleton, Catherine, Duchess of Cornwall and Cambridge, Kate Middleton Written by Fact-checked by Last Updated: Mar 26, 2024 • Article History Catherine, princess of Wales Catherine, princess of Wales See all media Category: History & Society In full:     Catherine, princess of Wales, duchess of Cornwall and Cambridge Original name in full:     Catherine Elizabeth Middleton Byname:     Kate Born:     January 9, 1982, Reading, Berkshire, England (age 42) Notable Family Members:     spouse William, prince of Wales Role In:     British Royal Wedding of 2011 Recent News Mar. 27, 2024, 12:01 AM ET (AP) The British royal family learns that if you don't fill an information vacuum, someone else will Mar. 24, 2024, 1:44 PM ET (AP) Kate and William 'extremely moved' by support since the Princess of Wales' cancer revelation Catherine, princess of Wales (born January 9, 1982, Reading, Berkshire, England) is the consort (2011– ) of William, prince of Wales and heir apparent to the British throne. In 2022 Catherine became the princess of Wales, a title previous held by her mother-in-law, the late Princess Diana. Similar to Diana, Catherine is known for her warmth and relatability. She typically ranks among the royal family’s most popular members. In 2024 it was announced that Catherine was being treated for an undisclosed form of cancer. Early life and education Catherine is the eldest of three children of Michael and Carole Middleton; her siblings are Philippa (Pippa) and James. Her parents met while working as flight attendants at British Airways, and in 1987 they founded a mail-order business selling supplies for children’s parties. The success of that venture, along with a family inheritance, allowed them to send Catherine to a prep school and then to the prestigious Marlborough College in Wiltshire, England. At Marlborough, Catherine (then called Kate Middleton) was known as a serious levelheaded student, excelling in both athletics—she captained the school field hockey team—and academics. Prince William and Kate Middleton wave to the crowds after officially launching the new RNLI's lifeboat 'Hereford Endeavour' at Trearddur Bay, Anglesey on February 24, 2011 Britannica Quiz William and Catherine How did Prince William and Kate Middleton meet? How did Prince William and Kate Middleton meet? Learn about the origin of Prince William and Kate Middleton's love story. See all videos for this article Catherine Middleton Catherine Middleton Catherine Middleton, 2008. In 2001, after a gap year, Middleton enrolled at the University of St. Andrews in Scotland. There she studied art history while working part-time as a waitress. After graduating from St. Andrews in 2005, she was briefly employed as an accessories buyer for a clothing retailer, and she later assumed various roles at her parents’ company while performing a host of charity work. Relationship with Prince William: marriage and children Prince William and Catherine, duke and duchess of Cambridge Prince William and Catherine, duke and duchess of Cambridge Prince William and his bride, Catherine, leaving Westminster Abbey after their wedding, April 29, 2011. Prince William and Catherine, duke and duchess of Cambridge Prince William and Catherine, duke and duchess of Cambridge Prince William and his bride, Catherine, leaving Westminster Abbey after their wedding, April 29, 2011. Elizabeth II, Prince William, and Catherine, duchess of Cambridge Elizabeth II, Prince William, and Catherine, duchess of Cambridge Prince William (centre) and his wife, Catherine, duchess of Cambridge (right), with Queen Elizabeth II. After Elizabeth's death in 2022, Prince William's father ascended the British throne, becoming King Charles III, and Prince William became heir apparent. Prince George Alexander Louis of Cambridge Prince George Alexander Louis of Cambridge Prince William, duke of Cambridge (later prince of Wales), and Catherine, duchess of Cambridge (later princess of Wales), arriving with their first son, Prince George Alexander Louis of Cambridge, at Chapel Royal in St. James's Palace, London, for the baby's christening, 2013. Princess Charlotte Elizabeth Diana of Cambridge Princess Charlotte Elizabeth Diana of Cambridge Catherine, duchess of Cambridge (later princess of Wales), and Prince William, duke of Cambridge (later prince of Wales), with their newborn daughter, Princess Charlotte Elizabeth Diana of Cambridge, at St. Mary's Hospital, London, May 2, 2015. While at St. Andrews, Middleton met Prince William, a fellow first-year art history student who was then second in line to the British throne (after his father, Charles). According to Catherine, the two were “very close friends” for about a year. In 2002 they and several others moved in together, and it was then that the relationship turned romantic. They maintained a low profile, and their relationship was not made public until they were photographed together vacationing in Switzerland in 2004. Three years later the couple broke up, and Middleton later said, “I at the time wasn’t very happy about it, but actually it made me a stronger person.” However, after just a few months, they reunited. Following several years of intense speculation from the British media about the couple’s marriage plans—during which time Middleton was dubbed “Waity Katie”—it was announced in November 2010 that the two had become engaged. In preparation for entry into the royal family, Kate Middleton reverted to the more formal name Catherine. The royal wedding took place on April 29, 2011, at Westminster Abbey in London. She was given the title duchess of Cambridge. Prince William and Catherine, duchess of Cambridge, with their children Prince William and Catherine, duchess of Cambridge, with their children Prince William and Catherine, duke and duchess of Cambridge (later prince and princess of Wales), with their children (from left) Prince George, Princess Charlotte, and Prince Louis on the balcony of Buckingham Palace, London, June 5, 2022. Prince William and Princess Catherine Prince William and Princess Catherine Prince William and Princess Catherine during their visit to Wales, September 27, 2022. Princess Catherine, Prince William, Prince Harry, and Meghan, duchess of Sussex Princess Catherine, Prince William, Prince Harry, and Meghan, duchess of Sussex (From left) Princess Catherine, Prince William, Prince Harry, and Meghan, duchess of Sussex, at Windsor Castle following the death of Elizabeth II, September 2022. Catherine, duchess of Cambridge Catherine, duchess of Cambridge Catherine, duchess of Cambridge (later princess of Wales), visiting a high school in London, 2021. The couple’s first son, Prince George Alexander Louis of Cambridge, was born on July 22, 2013, and their daughter, Princess Charlotte Elizabeth Diana of Cambridge, was born on May 2, 2015. Catherine gave birth to a second son, Prince Louis Arthur Charles of Cambridge, on April 23, 2018. Special offer for students! Check out our special academic rate and excel this spring semester! Public life By most accounts, Catherine easily transitioned to royal life, and she quickly became popular with the public. She is involved in numerous charities, especially those involving children. In 2021 she established the Centre for Early Childhood, part of the Royal Foundation. Catherine also has supported efforts concerning mental health issues. In 2017 she joined forces with William and his brother, Prince Harry, to launch the Heads Together initiative, which seeks to raise awareness about mental health problems and ease the stigma associated with them. Catherine is also a noted amateur photographer, and she frequently posts family portraits online. Prince William and the future of the British throne Prince William and the future of the British throne The eldest son of King Charles III and Princess Diana, William is no stranger to the spotlight. See all videos for this article In September 2022 Elizabeth II died. William became heir apparent and inherited the title duke of Cornwall when his father became King Charles III. Catherine thus became the duchess of Cornwall and Cambridge. She became princess of Wales shortly after, when the title prince of Wales was bestowed on William. In addition, their children’s titles also changed. Their eldest son, for example, became Prince George of Wales. In January 2024 Kensington Palace announced that Catherine was undergoing “planned abdominal surgery” and would not return to official duties for some two months. In the ensuing weeks her health became a source of intense speculation, especially on social media. It reached a crescendo in March after Catherine admitted to editing a Mother’s Day photograph of her and her children. About two weeks later she announced that she had been diagnosed with cancer and was undergoing chemotherapy. The type of cancer was not revealed. Who's who in the British royal family The British monarchy has captivated minds, hearts and headlines for centuries. ByMorgan Winsor and Zoe Magee February 6, 2024, 10:23 AM 1:18 Queen Elizabeth II dies at 96: How the royal line of succession changes Queen Elizabeth II dies at 96: How the royal line of succession changes Members of King Charles’ direct family are now higher in the line of succession. LONDON -- For centuries, the British monarchy has captivated minds, hearts and countless newspaper headlines around the world. Living life in the spotlight and under scrutiny, the British royal family continues to feed the global public's fascination with coronations, royal weddings, birth announcements -- and a few scandals. Most recently, the royal family has faced the cancer diagnosis of King Charles III, the death of Queen Elizabeth II, Britain's longest-reigning monarch, and the upheaval of Prince Harry and Meghan, the Duke and Duchess of Sussex, departing their senior royal roles. Here's a guide to the most well-known living members of the House of Windsor. King Charles III PHOTO: Britain's Prince Charles visits RAF base in Norfolk, England, July 27, 2018. Britain's Prince Charles visits RAF base in Norfolk, England, July 27, 2018. Chris Radburn/Reuters King Charles III is the current monarch of the United Kingdom and the other Commonwealth realms. Born in London in 1948, he was the first child of Queen Elizabeth II and Prince Philip, Duke of Edinburgh. In 1952, Elizabeth became queen at the age of 25 after her father, King George VI, fell ill and died. Charles was 4 years old at his mother's coronation in London's Westminster Abbey on June 2, 1953. The queen made Charles the Prince of Wales in 1969, among other royal titles, after he had spent a term at the University College of Wales at Aberystwyth, where he learned to speak Welsh. In 1981, Charles married Lady Diana Spencer, who became the Princess of Wales. The couple had two sons, William and Harry, before their marriage was dissolved in 1996. Diana was killed in a car crash in Paris a year later. In 2005, Charles married Camilla Parker Bowles, who then became known as the Duchess of Cornwall. A 1992 biography on the late princess of Wales, "Diana: Her True Story," in which she collaborated with the author, Andrew Morton, revealed further details on her troubled marriage to Charles, including her suspicion and jealousy over his clandestine romance with Camilla, and how she came to consider Camilla as the "third person" in their relationship. MORE: What to know about King Charles III of Britain A 1994 biography authorized by Charles -- "Prince of Wales," by Jonathan Dimbleby -- revealed that he felt pressured by his father to marry Diana and that he wasn't ever in love with her. According to the book, Charles began having an affair with Camilla in 1986. The two had met at a polo match several years prior. Charles became king after his mother, the longest-reigning monarch in British history, died at the age of 96 at Balmoral Castle in Aberdeenshire, Scotland, on Sept. 8, 2022. Elizabeth's death came just over a year after her husband died at the age of 99 at Windsor Castle in the English county of Berkshire on April 9, 2021. Charles and Camilla were coronated side-by-side at Westminster Abbey in London on May 6, 2023, per his mother's request that Camilla become queen consort -- the title given to the wife of a reigning king. On Feb. 5, 2024, less than 18 months into his reign, Buckingham Palace announced that Charles was diagnosed with "a form of cancer" and has started "a schedule of regular treatments, during which time he has been advised by doctors to postpone public-facing duties," though he'll "continue to undertake State business and official paperwork as usual." The palace has not specified the type of cancer, the stage of cancer or the type of treatment. PHOTO: Camilla, the Queen Consort, looks on during a reception for local charities at Cardiff Castle in Wales, Sept. 16, 2022. Camilla, the Queen Consort, looks on during a reception for local charities at Cardiff Castle in Wales, Sept. 16, 2022. Chris Jackson/AP Camilla, Queen Consort Camilla, the Queen Consort, is the wife of King Charles III. Born Camilla Rosemary Shand in London in 1947, she grew up at her family's residences in East Sussex and South Kensington. In 1973, Camilla married British Army officer Andrew Parker Bowles. The couple had two children -- a son and a daughter -- before divorcing in 1995. Camilla became a member of the British royal family and was made a duchess upon her marriage to Charles, then-Prince of Wales, in 2005. The couple were reportedly close friends for years before becoming involved romantically. When Charles succeeded his late mother, Queen Elizabeth II, in 2022, Camilla became queen consort -- the title given to the wife of a reigning king -- per Elizabeth's request. Charles and Camilla will be officially crowned on May 2. Anne, Princess Royal PHOTO: Princess Anne arrives at St George's Chapel at Windsor Castle before the wedding of Prince Harry to Meghan Markle, May 19, 2018, in Windsor, England. Princess Anne arrives at St George's Chapel at Windsor Castle before the wedding of Prince Harry to...Show more Gareth Fuller/Getty Images Anne, Princess Royal, is the second child and only daughter of Queen Elizabeth II and Prince Philip, Duke of Edinburgh. She is currently 16th in line to the throne. Born in London in 1950, Anne is known for her love of horses. She competed in the 1976 Montreal Olympic Games as a member of the British equestrian team. Queen Elizabeth II gave her daughter the title of Princess Royal in 1987. Anne married Capt. Mark Phillips in 1992. The couple had two children, Peter and Zara, before their marriage was dissolved in 1992. The princess went on to marry Adm. Timothy Laurence in 1992. Prince Andrew, Duke of York PHOTO: Prince Andrew attends the Commonwealth Day Service at Westminster Abbey, March 11, 2019. Prince Andrew attends the Commonwealth Day Service at Westminster Abbey, March 11, 2019. Wenn via AP Prince Andrew, Duke of York, was born in London in 1960, becoming the third child and second son of Queen Elizabeth II and Prince Philip, Duke of Edinburgh. He is currently eighth in line to the throne. Andrew was made the Duke of York by the queen after his marriage to Sarah Ferguson in 1986. The couple had two daughters, Beatrice and Eugenie, before divorcing in 1996. The duke joined the Royal Navy in 1979 and departed from active service 22 years later. Prince Edward, Earl of Wessex PHOTO: Prince Edward, Earl of Wessex looks on during the medal ceremony for the Women's 400 meters during athletics on day eight of the Gold Coast 2018 Commonwealth Games at Carrara Stadium on April 12, 2018 on the Gold Coast, Australia. Prince Edward, Earl of Wessex looks on during the medal ceremony for the Women's 400 meters duri...Show more Dan Mullan/Getty Images Prince Edward, Earl of Wessex, was born in London in 1964, as the youngest child of Queen Elizabeth II and Prince Philip, Duke of Edinburgh. He is currently 13th in line to the throne. Edward was made the Earl of Wessex by the queen after he wed Sophie Rhys-Jones in 1999. The couple have two children, Louise and James, who are currently 15th and 14th in line to the throne, respectively. After the death of their parents and Charles' ascension to the throne, Edward was named the new Duke of Edinburgh on his 59th birthday in 2023. His former title, Earl of Wessex, went to his son, James. The duke lives with his family in Bagshot Park in Berkshire. William, Prince of Wales PHOTO: Prince William, Duke of Cambridge leaves after attending the inaugural "This Can Happen" conference,Nov. 20, 2018, in London. Prince William, Duke of Cambridge leaves after attending the inaugural "This Can Happen" conferenc...Show more Kirsty Wigglesworth/WPA Pool/Getty Images Prince William is the heir apparent to the British throne. Born in London in 1982, he is the eldest son of King Charles III, the former Prince of Wales, and Diana, the late Princess of Wales. William was 15 when his mother died. After graduating from the University of St. Andrews in Scotland, the prince went on to complete nearly eight years of full-time military service in the British Armed Forces. William then retrained to become an air ambulance pilot and worked for East Anglian Air Ambulance from 2015 to 2017. In 2011, William married Catherine Middleton, whom he met at university. They were then bestowed the titles Duke and Duchess of Cambridge by William's grandmother, Queen Elizabeth II. After the queen's death in 2022, Charles took the throne while William and Catherine became known as the Prince and Princess of Wales. The couple have three children: George, Charlotte and Louis. The family lives at Adelaide Cottage, a four-bedroom cottage on the grounds of Windsor Castle. They were previously living at Kensington Palace in London. Prince Harry, Duke of Sussex PHOTO: Prince Harry departs from Orestad school following a conference, Oct. 26, 2017, in Copenhagen, Denmark. Prince Harry departs from Orestad school following a conference, Oct. 26, 2017, in Copenhagen, Denmark. Chris Jackson/Getty Images Prince Harry, Duke of Sussex, is currently fifth in line to the throne. Born in London in 1984, he is the younger son of Charles, Prince of Wales, and Diana, the late Princess of Wales. Harry was 12 when his mother died. The prince served in the British Armed Forces for 10 years, during which he was deployed to Afghanistan twice. He left operational service in 2015. Harry was given the title Duke of Sussex after he wed American actress Meghan Markle in 2018. The couple have a son, Archie, and a daughter, Lilibet. Harry and Meghan officially stepped down as senior working members of the British royal family on March 31, 2021. They moved their family to Canada temporarily before settling in California. They were previously living at Frogmore Cottage on the Windsor estate in Berkshire. MORE: 8 major revelations from Prince Harry, Meghan's interview with Oprah Winfrey Catherine, Princess of Wales PHOTO: Catherine the Duchess of Cambridge during the State visit by King Willem-Alexander and Queen Maxima of the Netherlands, at Buckingham Palace in London, Oct. 23, 2018.  Catherine the Duchess of Cambridge during the State visit by King Willem-Alexander and Queen Max...Show more John Stillwell/PA via AP Born into an upper middle class family in Reading in 1982, Catherine "Kate" Middleton became a member of the British royal family and was made a duchess upon her marriage to Prince William in 2011. The couple, who are now known as the Prince and Princess of Wales, first met while studying at the University of St. Andrews in Scotland. They have three children: George, Charlotte and Louis. The family lives at Adelaide Cottage on the grounds of Windsor Castle. MORE: The life and times of Duchess Kate Meghan, Duchess of Sussex PHOTO: Meghan Markle is seen ahead of her visit with Prince Harry to the iconic Titanic Belfast during their trip to Northern Ireland on March 23, 2018 in Belfast, Northern Ireland. Meghan Markle is seen ahead of her visit with Prince Harry to the iconic Titanic Belfast during their tri...Show more Charles McQuillan/Getty Images Born in Los Angeles, California, in 1981, Meghan Markle became a member of the British royal family and was made a duchess upon her marriage to Prince Harry in 2018. Prior to becoming a royal, the future duchess graduated from Northwestern University in Evanston, Illinois, and pursued a career in acting. She was most known for her role in the American legal drama series "Suits." She also ran a successful lifestyle blog called "The Tig." Meghan retired from her acting career, shuttered her blog and deleted all her social media accounts following the announcement of her engagement to Prince Harry, whom she first met on a blind date. The couple, who are now known as the Duke and Duchess of Sussex, have a son, Archie, and a daughter, Lilibet. Meghan was previously married to actor and producer Trevor Engelson. They divorced in 2013 after less than two years of marriage. Harry and Meghan officially stepped down as senior working members of the British royal family on March 31, 2021. They moved their family to Canada temporarily before settling in California. They were previously living at Frogmore Cottage on the Windsor estate in Berkshire. In a bombshell interview with American television host Oprah Winfrey that aired on CBS on March 12, 2021, the Duke and Duchess of Sussex alleged that Meghan was the victim of racism and callous treatment during her time as a working member of the British royal family. Buckingham Palace later said in a statement that the allegations were "concerning" and would be "taken very seriously." MORE: Meghan Markle, life in photos Princess Beatrice of York PHOTO: Princess Beatrice at Royal Ascot, June 21, 2018, in Ascot, U.K. Princess Beatrice at Royal Ascot, June 21, 2018, in Ascot, U.K. REX via Shutterstock Born in London in 1988, Princess Beatrice is the elder daughter of Prince Andrew, Duke of York. She is currently ninth in line to the throne. Beatrice became the first member of the British royal family to complete the London Marathon in 2010. She graduated from Goldsmiths, University of London in 2011 and currently has a full-time career in business. In 2020, Beatrice wed British property developer Edoardo Mapelli Mozzi. The couple have a daughter, Sienna, who is currently 10th in line to the throne. Princess Eugenie of York PHOTO: Princess Eugenie arrives at St George's Chapel at Windsor Castle before the wedding of Prince Harry to Meghan Markle, May 19, 2018, in Windsor, England. Princess Eugenie arrives at St George's Chapel at Windsor Castle before the wedding of Prince Harry...Show more Gareth Fuller/Getty Images Born in London in 1990, Princess Eugenie is the younger daughter of Prince Andrew, Duke of York. She is currently 11th in line to the throne. Eugenie graduated from Newcastle University in northeast England in 2012 and currently has a full-time job in the art world. She married British bar manager Jack Brooksbank in 2018. The couple have a son, August, who is currently 12th in line to the throne. Peter Phillips PHOTO: Peter Phillips at the Cheltenham Racecourse, March 15, 2019, in Cheltenham, England. Peter Phillips at the Cheltenham Racecourse, March 15, 2019, in Cheltenham, England. Max Mumby/Indigo/Getty Images Peter Phillips is the eldest child and only son of Anne, Princess Royal, and her first husband, Capt. Mark Phillips. He is currently 17th in line to the throne. Born in London in 1977, Peter is the eldest grandchild of Queen Elizabeth II and Prince Philip, Duke of Edinburgh. He did not inherit an official royal title at birth nor was he given a courtesy title. Hereditary titles are traditionally passed down through male heirs, and Peter's father does not possess one. The princess and her husband at the time were said to have declined an offer from the queen to give both her children courtesy titles. After graduating from the University of Exeter in 2000, Peter pursued a career in sports sponsorship and management. Peter wed Canadian management consultant Autumn Kelly in 2008. The couple has two daughters, Savannah and Isla, who are currently 18th and 19th in line to the throne, respectively. Zara Tindall PHOTO: Zara Tindall attends the Cheltenham Festival at Cheltenham Racecourse, March 12, 2019, in Cheltenham, England. Zara Tindall attends the Cheltenham Festival at Cheltenham Racecourse, March 12, 2019, in Cheltenham, England. Max Mumby/Indigo/Getty Images Zara Tindall is the daughter of Anne, Princess Royal, and her first husband, Capt. Mark Phillips. She is currently 20th in line to the thrown. Born in London in 1981, she is another of Queen Elizabeth II and Prince Philip, Duke of Edinburgh's grandchildren. Zara did not inherit an official royal title at birth nor was she given a courtesy title. Anne, Princess Royal, and her then-husband were said to have declined an offer from the queen to give both her children courtesy titles. After graduating from the University of Exeter, Zara went on to have a successful equestrian career, sharing her mother's love of horses. She competed for the British equestrian team at the 2008 Summer Olympic Games in Hong Kong and the 2012 Summer Olympic Games in London, winning a silver medal at the latter. In 2011, Zara married English rugby union player Mike Tindall, with whom she has three children, Mia, Lena and Lucas, who are currently 21st, 22nd and 23rd in line to the throne, respectively. Prince George of Wales PHOTO: Prince George of Cambridge attends the wedding of Princess Eugenie of York and Jack Brooksbank at St George's Chapel, Oct. 12, 2018, in Windsor, England. Prince George of Cambridge attends the wedding of Princess Eugenie of York and Jack Brooksbank...Show more Max Mumby/Pool via Getty Images Born in London in 2013, Prince George of Wales is the first child of William, Prince of Wales, and his wife, Catherine, Princess of Wales. He is currently second in line to the throne, after his father. George lives with his parents and two siblings at Adelaide Cottage on the grounds of Windsor Castle. MORE: The life and times of the royal children Princess Charlotte of Cambridge PHOTO: Princess Charlotte of Cambridge attends the wedding of Princess Eugenie of York and Jack Brooksbank at St George's Chapel in Windsor Castle, Oct. 12, 2018, in Windsor, England. Princess Charlotte of Cambridge attends the wedding of Princess Eugenie of York and Jack Brooksb...Show more Samir Hussein/WireImage via Getty Images Born in London in 2015, Princess Charlotte of Cambridge is the second child of William, Prince of Wales, and his wife, Catherine, Princess of Wales. She is currently third in line to the throne, after her older brother and father. Charlotte lives with her parents and two siblings at Adelaide Cottage on the grounds of Windsor Castle. Prince Louis of Cambridge PHOTO: Kate, Duchess of Cambridge carries Prince Louis as they arrive for his christening service at the Chapel Royal, St James's Palace, London, July 9, 2018. Kate, Duchess of Cambridge carries Prince Louis as they arrive for his christening service at the Cha...Show more Dominic Lipinski/Pool Photo via AP Born in London in 2018, Prince Louis of Cambridge is the third child of William, Prince of Wales, and his wife, Catherine, Princess of Wales. He is currently fourth in line to the throne, after his sister, brother and father. Louis lives with his parents and two siblings at Adelaide Cottage on the grounds of Windsor Castle. Prince Archie of Sussex PHOTO: Britain's Duke and Duchess of Sussex, Prince Harry and his wife Meghan hold their baby son Archie in Cape Town on Sept. 25, 2019. Britain's Duke and Duchess of Sussex, Prince Harry and his wife Meghan hold their baby son Archie i...Show more Henk Kruger/POOL/AFP via Getty Images, FILE Born in London in 2019, Archie Harrison Mountbatten-Windsor is the first child of Prince Harry, Duke of Sussex, and his wife, Meghan, Duchess of Sussex. He is currently sixth in line to the throne. Archie lives with his parents in California. Archie's surname of Mountbatten-Windsor is a combination of Queen Elizabeth II's surname of Windsor and Prince Philip, Duke of Edinburgh's adopted surname of Mountbatten. Archie inherited that surname as a descendant of the queen without the title of prince or the style of His Royal Highness. After his birth and name were announced, Buckingham Palace confirmed in a statement that Archie will not carry a courtesy title "at this time." Upon the accession of Charles III, Archie became entitled to use the title and style as the grandchild of the sovereign, pursuant to the royal rules set in 1917 by then-King George V, Elizabeth's grandfather. Princess Lilibet of Sussex Born in Santa Barbara, California, in 2021, Lilibet Diana Mountbatten-Windsor is the second child of Prince Harry, Duke of Sussex, and his wife, Meghan, Duchess of Sussex. She is currently seventh in line to the throne. Lilibet, nicknamed "Lili," lives with her parents in California. While she was not the first royal baby to be born in the United States, Lili was the first of Queen Elizabeth II's great-grandchildren to be born on American soil. Lili is named after her great-grandmother, whose family nickname was Lilibet. Lili's middle name was chosen to honor her late grandmother, Diana, Princess of Wales, according to a statement from the press secretary for the Duke and Duchess of Sussex.

  • Condition: In Excellent Condition
  • Fineness: 0.925
  • Country/Region: England
  • Country/Region of Manufacture: United Kingdom
  • Colour: Silver

PicClick Insights - Kate Middleton Prince William Wedding Solid Silver Sterling Coin Proof Signed UK PicClick Exclusive

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